一、Vold工作机制

Vold是Volume Daemon的缩写,它是Android平台中外部存储系统的管控中心,是管理和控制Android平台外部存储设备的后台进程。其功能主要包括:SD卡的插拔事件检测、SD卡挂载、卸载、格式化等。

如上图所示,Vold中的NetlinkManager模块接收来自Linux Kernel的uevent消息。
NetlinkManager将这些消息转发给VolumeManager模块。VolumeManager会对应做一些操作,然后把相关信息通过CommandListener发送给MountService。
MountService根据收到的消息后,根据情况会利用CommandListener发送相关的处理命令给VolumeManager做进一步处理。
CommandListener模块内部封装了一个Socket用于跨进程通信。它一方面接收来自MountService的控制命令,另一方面VolumeManager通过它将消息发送给MountService。

Tips:
Netlink是Linux系统中用户空间进程和Kernel进行通信的一种机制,是基于Socket的异步通信机制。

通过这种机制,位于用户空间的进程可以接收来自Kernel的一些信息,同时用户空间进程也可以利用Netlink向Kernel发送一些控制命令。

--从8.0开始框架层的MountService已经被StorageMangerService替换了。

二、Vold进程启动过程

service vold /system/bin/vold \
        --blkid_context=u:r:blkid:s0 --blkid_untrusted_context=u:r:blkid_untrusted:s0 \
        --fsck_context=u:r:fsck:s0 --fsck_untrusted_context=u:r:fsck_untrusted:s0
    class core
    socket vold stream 0660 root mount
    socket cryptd stream 0660 root mount
    ioprio be 2
    writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
    shutdown critical 

vold和cryptd两个socket通道

被init进程启动后,将调用system/vold/main.cpp中的main函数:

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", "*:v", 1);
    android::base::InitLogging(argv, android::base::LogdLogger(android::base::SYSTEM));

    LOG(INFO) << "Vold 3.0 (the awakening) firing up";

    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Detected support for:"
            << (android::vold::IsFilesystemSupported("ext4") ? " ext4" : "")
            << (android::vold::IsFilesystemSupported("f2fs") ? " f2fs" : "")
            << (android::vold::IsFilesystemSupported("vfat") ? " vfat" : "");

    VolumeManager *vm;
    CommandListener *cl;
    CryptCommandListener *ccl;
    NetlinkManager *nm;

    parse_args(argc, argv);

    sehandle = selinux_android_file_context_handle();
    if (sehandle) {
        selinux_android_set_sehandle(sehandle);
    }

    // Quickly throw a CLOEXEC on the socket we just inherited from init
    fcntl(android_get_control_socket("vold"), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
    fcntl(android_get_control_socket("cryptd"), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

    mkdir("/dev/block/vold", 0755);

    /* For when cryptfs checks and mounts an encrypted filesystem */
    klog_set_level(6);

    /* Create our singleton managers */
    if (!(vm = VolumeManager::Instance())) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to create VolumeManager";
        exit(1);
    }

    if (!(nm = NetlinkManager::Instance())) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to create NetlinkManager";
        exit(1);
    }

    if (property_get_bool("vold.debug", false)) {
        vm->setDebug(true);
    }

    cl = new CommandListener();
    ccl = new CryptCommandListener();
    vm->setBroadcaster((SocketListener *) cl);
    nm->setBroadcaster((SocketListener *) cl);

    if (vm->start()) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start VolumeManager";
        exit(1);
    }

    bool has_adoptable;
    bool has_quota;

    if (process_config(vm, &has_adoptable, &has_quota)) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Error reading configuration... continuing anyways";
    }

    if (nm->start()) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start NetlinkManager";
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Now that we're up, we can respond to commands
     */
    if (cl->startListener()) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start CommandListener";
        exit(1);
    }

    if (ccl->startListener()) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start CryptCommandListener";
        exit(1);
    }

    // This call should go after listeners are started to avoid
    // a deadlock between vold and init (see b/34278978 for details)
    property_set("vold.has_adoptable", has_adoptable ? "1" : "0");
    property_set("vold.has_quota", has_quota ? "1" : "0");

    // Do coldboot here so it won't block booting,
    // also the cold boot is needed in case we have flash drive
    // connected before Vold launched
    coldboot("/sys/block");
    // Eventually we'll become the monitoring thread
    while(1) {
        pause();
    }

    LOG(ERROR) << "Vold exiting";
    exit(0);
}

从上面的代码不难看出,Vold进程的main函数中,创建并启动其子模块VolumeManager、NetlinkManager和CommandListener后,就不再执行实际的工作了。
以后Vold进程具体的工作就会交付给子模块进行处理。

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