spring 控制反转与依赖注入原理
在Spring中有两个非常重要的概念,控制反转和依赖注入;控制反转将依赖对象的创建和管理交由Spring容器,而依赖注入则是在控制反转的基础上将Spring容器管理的依赖对象注入到应用之中;所谓依赖注入:在运行期,由外部容器动态将依赖对象注入到组件中。XML文件解析 + Java反射技术;首先是XML文件的解析(dom4j),Spring
在Spring中有两个非常重要的概念,控制反转和依赖注入;控制反转将依赖对象的创建和管理交由Spring容器,而依赖注入则是在控制反转的基础上将Spring容器管理的依赖对象注入到应用之中;
所谓依赖注入:在运行期,由外部容器动态将依赖对象注入到组件中。
XML文件解析 + Java反射技术;
首先是XML文件的解析(dom4j),Spring框架对于配置文件的选择是XML文件,根据Spring的规范,配置文件的命名是没有特殊要求的,只是在文件的放置位置上有两种选择;类路径下或者操作系统文件目录下(大多数情况是放到类路径下)。
对于Spring的控制反转和依赖注入来说,唯一使用的是配置文件中的<bean>标签,通过这个标签,Spring就完成了对象的创建和依赖对象的注入工作;
1、首先对于配置文件中的<bean>节点,在Spring框架中存在一个对用的定义接口,叫做BeanDefinition;子啊个类定义了获得<bean>节点中出现的所有属性的方法,例如classNam、scope、factory-method、lazy-init 等等属性;
2、对于<bean>节点的子节点property则完成了属性注入的功能;属性注入有三种方式,构造器注入、属性setter方法注入和注解方式注入;
3、如果是setter方法注入,对于类属性XML配置文件中有两种方法,一是使用property节点的ref属性,一是使用property几点的子节点bean进行内部bean配置;如果是对于基本数据类型进行配置,那么要是用property节点的value属性;
定义自己的关于bean节点、property节点的pojo类文件;
使用注入DOM4J等开源包讲配置文件解析读入;
使用Java的反射技术讲配置文件中的信息setter到我们需要的属性中去;common-beanutils.jar
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.sample"/>
- <bean id="personService" class="com.spring.junit.test.impl.PersonServiceImpl"></bean>
- <bean id="stockService" class="com.spring.junit.test.impl.StockServiceImpl"></bean>
- <bean id="personServiceFactory" class="com.spring.junit.test.impl.PersonServiceBeanFactory" factory-method="createPersonServiceBeanFactory"></bean>
- <bean id="personServiceFactory2" class="com.spring.junit.test.impl.PersonServiceBeanFactory"></bean>
- <bean id="stockServiceFactory" factory-bean="personServiceFactory2" factory-method="createStockServiceBeanFactory"></bean>
- <bean id="randomBean" class="com.spring.junit.bean.StaticFactoryBean" factory-method="createRandom" scope="prototype"></bean>
- <!-- 集合类型的注入 -->
- 通过setter方法注入
- <bean id="user" class="com.sample.bean.User"></bean>
- <bean id="personDao" class="com.sample.dao.impl.PersonDaoBeanImpl"></bean>
- <bean id="personService" class="com.sample.service.impl.PersonServiceBeanImpl">
- <property name="personDao" ref="personDao"></property>
- <property name="name" value="jackjson_xu_test"></property>
- <property name="id" value="108"></property>
- <property name="sets">
- <set>
- <value>第一个</value>
- <value>第二个</value>
- <value>第三个</value>
- </set>
- </property>
- <property name="lists">
- <list>
- <value>第一個list元素</value>
- <value>第二個list元素</value>
- <value>第三個list元素</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- <property name="properties">
- <props>
- <prop key="key1">value1</prop>
- <prop key="key2">value2</prop>
- <prop key="key3">value3</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- <property name="maps">
- <map>
- <entry key="key-1" value="value-1"></entry>
- <entry key="key-2" value="value-2"></entry>
- <entry key="key-3" value="value-3"></entry>
- <entry key="key-4" value="value-4"></entry>
- </map>
- </property>
- <property name="users">
- <map>
- <entry key="U_1001">
- <ref bean="user"/>
- </entry>
- <entry key="U_1002">
- <ref bean="user"/>
- </entry>
- </map>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 采用内部bean的方式注入 -->
- <bean id="personService" class="com.sample.service.impl.PersonServiceBeanImpl">
- <property name="personDao">
- <bean class="com.sample.dao.impl.PersonDaoBeanImpl"/>
- </property>
- <property name="name" value="jackjson_xu_test"></property>
- <property name="id" value="100"></property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 构造器注入方式 -->
- <bean id="personDao" class="com.sample.dao.impl.PersonDaoBeanImpl"></bean>
- <bean id="personService2" class="com.sample.service.impl.PersonServiceBeanImpl2" autowire="byType">
- <constructor-arg index="0" type="com.sample.dao.IPersonDao" ref="personDao"></constructor-arg>
- <constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.String" value="http://www.woyo.com"></constructor-arg>
- </bean>
package com.sample.junit;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- /**
- * Spring xml 属性的方法
- * @author DY
- *
- */
- public class BeanDefinition {
- private String id;
- private String className;
- private List<PropertyDefinition> propertys = new ArrayList<PropertyDefinition>();
- public BeanDefinition(String id, String className) {
- this.id = id;
- this.className = className;
- }
- public String getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(String id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getClassName() {
- return className;
- }
- public void setClassName(String className) {
- this.className = className;
- }
- public List<PropertyDefinition> getPropertys() {
- return propertys;
- }
- public void setPropertys(List<PropertyDefinition> propertys) {
- this.propertys = propertys;
- }
- }
package com.sample.junit;
- /**
- * Spring xml bean 子节点property属性方法
- *
- * @author DY
- *
- */
- public class PropertyDefinition {
- private String name;
- private String ref;
- private String value;
- public PropertyDefinition(String name, String ref, String value) {
- this.name = name;
- this.ref = ref;
- this.value = value;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getRef() {
- return ref;
- }
- public void setRef(String ref) {
- this.ref = ref;
- }
- public String getValue() {
- return value;
- }
- public void setValue(String value) {
- this.value = value;
- }
- }
package com.sample.junit;
- import java.beans.Introspector;
- import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.apache.commons.beanutils.ConvertUtils;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- import org.dom4j.Document;
- import org.dom4j.Element;
- import org.dom4j.XPath;
- import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
- /**
- * spring装配applicationContext.xml文件
- * @author DY
- *
- */
- public class SampleClassPathXMLApplicationContext {
- private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SampleClassPathXMLApplicationContext.class);
- private List<BeanDefinition> beanDefines = new ArrayList<BeanDefinition>();
- private Map<String, Object> sigletons = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- public SampleClassPathXMLApplicationContext(String filename) {
- this.readXML(filename);
- this.instanceBeans(); //bean的实例化 Class.forName().newInstance()
- this.annotationInject();//注解
- this.injectObject(); //bean对象的属性注入值
- }
- /**
- * 注解处理器
- * 如果注解SampleResouce配置了name属性,则根据name所指定的名称获取要注入的实例引用
- * 如果注解SampleResouce没有配置name属性,则根据属性所属类型来扫描配置文件获取要注入的实例引用
- */
- private void annotationInject() {
- for (String beanName : sigletons.keySet()) {
- Object bean = sigletons.get(beanName);
- if (bean != null) {
- this.propertyAnnotation(bean);
- this.fieldAnnotation(bean);
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 处理在所有set方法加入的注解
- * @param bean 处理的bean对象
- */
- private void propertyAnnotation(Object bean) {
- try {
- //获取其属性的描述
- PropertyDescriptor[] ps = Introspector.getBeanInfo(bean.getClass()).getPropertyDescriptors();
- for (PropertyDescriptor properdesc : ps) {
- //获取属性的setter方法
- Method setter = properdesc.getWriteMethod();
- //setter方法上是否存在注解
- if (setter != null && setter.isAnnotationPresent(SampleResource.class)) {
- //获取当前注解,判断name属性是否为空
- SampleResource resouce = setter.getAnnotation(SampleResource.class);
- Object value = null;
- if (resouce.name() != null && !"".equals(resouce.name())) {
- value = sigletons.get(resouce.name());
- setter.setAccessible(true);
- setter.invoke(bean, value);//把引用对象注入到属性
- } else {//如果当前属性没有指定name,则根据类型匹配
- value = sigletons.get(resouce.name());
- if (value == null) {
- for (String key : sigletons.keySet()) {
- //判断当前属性所属类型是否在配置文件中存在
- if (properdesc.getPropertyType().isAssignableFrom(sigletons.get(key).getClass())) {
- value = sigletons.get(key); //获取类型匹配的实例对象
- }
- }
- }
- //允许访问private方法
- setter.setAccessible(true);
- //把引用对象注入属性
- setter.invoke(bean, value);
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- logger.error(e.getLocalizedMessage());
- }
- }
- /**
- * 处理在字段上的注解
- * @param bean
- */
- private void fieldAnnotation (Object bean) {
- try {
- //获取全部属性对象数组
- Field[] fields = bean.getClass().getFields();
- for (Field field : fields) {
- if (field.isAnnotationPresent(SampleResource.class)) {
- SampleResource resouce = field.getAnnotation(SampleResource.class);
- Object value = null;
- if (resouce.name() != null && !"".equals(resouce.name())) {
- value = sigletons.get(resouce.name());
- } else {
- value = sigletons.get(field.getName());
- if (value == null) {
- for (String key : sigletons.keySet()) {
- //根据字段类型匹配
- if (field.getType().isAssignableFrom(sigletons.get(key).getClass())) {
- value = sigletons.get(key);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- field.setAccessible(true);
- field.set(bean, value);
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.getLocalizedMessage();
- logger.error("字段注解解析异常:" + e.getLocalizedMessage());
- }
- }
- /**
- * 为bean对象的属性注入值
- */
- private void injectObject() {
- for (BeanDefinition beanDefinition : beanDefines) {
- Object bean = sigletons.get(beanDefinition.getId());
- if (bean != null) {
- try {
- PropertyDescriptor[] ps = Introspector.getBeanInfo(bean.getClass()).getPropertyDescriptors();
- for (PropertyDefinition propertyDefinition : beanDefinition.getPropertys()) {
- for (PropertyDescriptor properdesc : ps) {
- if (propertyDefinition.getName().equals(properdesc.getName())) {
- Method setter = properdesc.getWriteMethod();// 获取属性的setter方法
- if (setter != null) {
- Object value = null;
- if (propertyDefinition.getRef() != null && !"".equals(propertyDefinition.getRef().trim())) {
- value = sigletons.get(propertyDefinition.getRef());
- } else {
- value = ConvertUtils.convert(propertyDefinition.getValue(), properdesc.getPropertyType());
- }
- setter.setAccessible(true);//私有方法给与访问权限
- setter.invoke(bean, value);// 把引用对象注入到属性
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 完成bean的实例化
- */
- private void instanceBeans() {
- for (BeanDefinition beanDefinition : beanDefines) {
- try {
- if (beanDefinition.getClassName() != null
- && !"".equals(beanDefinition.getClassName().trim()))
- sigletons.put(beanDefinition.getId(), Class.forName(beanDefinition.getClassName()).newInstance());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 读取xml配置文件
- *
- * @param filename
- */
- private void readXML(String filename) {
- SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
- Document document = null;
- try {
- URL xmlpath = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(filename);
- document = saxReader.read(xmlpath);
- Map<String, String> nsMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
- nsMap.put("ns", "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans");// 加入命名空间
- XPath xsub = document.createXPath("//ns:beans/ns:bean");// 创建beans/bean查询路径
- xsub.setNamespaceURIs(nsMap);// 设置命名空间
- List<Element> beans = xsub.selectNodes(document);// 获取文档下所有bean节点
- for (Element element : beans) {
- String id = element.attributeValue("id");// 获取id属性值
- String clazz = element.attributeValue("class"); // 获取class属性值
- BeanDefinition beanDefine = new BeanDefinition(id, clazz);
- XPath propertysub = element.createXPath("ns:property");
- propertysub.setNamespaceURIs(nsMap);// 设置命名空间
- List<Element> propertys = propertysub.selectNodes(element);
- for (Element property : propertys) {
- String propertyName = property.attributeValue("name");
- String propertyref = property.attributeValue("ref");
- String propertyValue = property.attributeValue("value");
- PropertyDefinition propertyDefinition = new PropertyDefinition(propertyName, propertyref, propertyValue);
- beanDefine.getPropertys().add(propertyDefinition);
- System.out.println("propertyName:" + propertyName + "|propertyref:" + propertyref + "|propertyValue:" + propertyValue);
- }
- beanDefines.add(beanDefine);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- /**
- * 获取bean实例
- *
- * @param beanName
- * @return
- */
- public Object getBean(String beanName) {
- return this.sigletons.get(beanName);
- }
- }
package com.sample.junit;
- import org.junit.BeforeClass;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- import com.sample.service.IPersonService;
- public class SpringTest {
- static ApplicationContext ctx = null;
- @BeforeClass
- public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
- ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"applicationContext.xml"});
- }
- @Test public void instanceSpring(){
- IPersonService personService = (IPersonService)ctx.getBean("personService");
- System.out.println(personService);
- personService.save();
- }
- }
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