从Docker零基础到懂一点实践教程（三）

Docker容器容器的基本操作运行镜像以创建Docker容器$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]OPTIONS:- -i: –interactive 采用交互式创建容器- -t: –tty 为容器提供终端如果以单次执行方式运行容器，当命令执行完毕后容器就会自动停止。而使用交互的方式运行容器，则直到交互程序退出容器才会停止。schen@

Charles_Shih

4689人浏览 · 2016-11-18 17:07:48

Charles_Shih · 2016-11-18 17:07:48 发布

Docker容器

容器的基本操作

运行镜像以创建Docker容器

$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

OPTIONS:
- -i: –interactive 采用交互式创建容器
- -t: –tty 为容器提供终端

如果以单次执行方式运行容器，当命令执行完毕后容器就会自动停止。而使用交互的方式运行容器，则直到交互程序退出容器才会停止。

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker run ubuntu echo 'hello world'
hello world
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
root@76d304bc27eb:/# ps -ef 
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  2 12:40 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        10     1  0 12:40 ?        00:00:00 ps -ef
root@76d304bc27eb:/# exit
exit
schen@scvmu01:~$

查看系统中的容器

查看当前正在运行的容器，可以输入不带参数的docker ps命令，查看所有容器使用-a选项，查看最后执行的容器使用-l选项：

$ docker ps [OPTIONS]

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
76d304bc27eb        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                       trusting_keller
c408a62d943c        ubuntu              "echo 'hello world'"   4 minutes ago        Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                            sad_hodgkin
2d85b99b03b2        ubuntu              "echo 'Hello world'"   21 hours ago         Exited (0) 21 hours ago                             nostalgic_pasteur
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
76d304bc27eb        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago   
schen@scvmu01:~$

检查某个特定的容器

检查某一特定容器可以使用docker inspect命令，后面跟容器的名称或唯一ID。

$ docker inspect [OPTIONS] CONTAINER|IMAGE|TASK [CONTAINER|IMAGE|TASK...]

Docker自动创建的容器名称同样是不方便记忆的，但我们可以在运行容器时使用--name参数为其指定一个名称，命令格式为docker run --name=<yourname>。

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker inspect 76d304bc27eb
[
    {
        "Id": "76d304bc27ebd2669c9564f3482e435b8c8d25c17f93f0199ce873dc7e741647",
        "Created": "2016-08-31T12:40:17.751824541Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2016-08-31T12:40:21.088106155Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2016-08-31T12:40:30.460471528Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:bd3d4369aebc4945be269859df0e15b1d32fefa2645f5699037d7d8c6b415a10",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/76d304bc27ebd2669c9564f3482e435b8c8d25c17f93f0199ce873dc7e741647/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/76d304bc27ebd2669c9564f3482e435b8c8d25c17f93f0199ce873dc7e741647/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/76d304bc27ebd2669c9564f3482e435b8c8d25c17f93f0199ce873dc7e741647/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/76d304bc27ebd2669c9564f3482e435b8c8d25c17f93f0199ce873dc7e741647/76d304bc27ebd2669c9564f3482e435b8c8d25c17f93f0199ce873dc7e741647-json.log",
        "Name": "/trusting_keller",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "aufs",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DiskQuota": 0,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": -1,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": 0,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Name": "aufs",
            "Data": null
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "76d304bc27eb",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "ubuntu",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "0dda5fc7ea2e02c734614254bc2a3573d02915924dff5bd728729316cede7371",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": null,
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/0dda5fc7ea2e",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "15eca23f0c8412855e33d8b4bcbc1b2fc01cd1a0f7c8c730c22baf7b5591bbfb",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": ""
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
schen@scvmu01:~$

重新启动已经停止的容器

不一定每次都要创建新的容器，Docker可以为我们启动已经停止的容器。

$ docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker start -i 76d304bc27eb
root@76d304bc27eb:/# exit
exit
schen@scvmu01:~$

删除已经停止的容器

$ docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
76d304bc27eb        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            17 minutes ago      Exited (0) 49 seconds ago                       trusting_keller
c408a62d943c        ubuntu              "echo 'hello world'"   20 minutes ago      Exited (0) 20 minutes ago                       sad_hodgkin
2d85b99b03b2        ubuntu              "echo 'Hello world'"   22 hours ago        Exited (0) 22 hours ago                         nostalgic_pasteur
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker rm 2d85b99b03b2
2d85b99b03b2
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
76d304bc27eb        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            17 minutes ago      Exited (0) About a minute ago                       trusting_keller
c408a62d943c        ubuntu              "echo 'hello world'"   20 minutes ago      Exited (0) 20 minutes ago                           sad_hodgkin
schen@scvmu01:~$

守护式容器

守护式容器，提供一个可以长时间运行的容器，它没有交互式的对话，非常适合运行应用程序和服务。

把交互式容器切换到后台

在交互式容器中，先按<Ctrl + P>再按<Ctrl + Q>，即可将容器切换到后台。

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker start -i 76d304bc27eb
root@76d304bc27eb:/# 
root@76d304bc27eb:/# schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
76d304bc27eb        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         49 minutes ago      Up 18 seconds                           trusting_keller
schen@scvmu01:~$

将后台容器切换到前台

$ docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
76d304bc27eb        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         51 minutes ago      Up 2 minutes                            trusting_keller
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker attach 76d304bc27eb
root@76d304bc27eb:/# 
root@76d304bc27eb:/#

使用run命令启动守护式容器

可以通过使用docker run命令的-d参数来直接启动守护式容器。

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker run --name dc01 -d ubuntu /bin/bash -c "while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
0715b5e7fefad83ee4133a279034f211bae5c802a0006050c6e80ce0c13a8732
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
0715b5e7fefa        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   28 seconds ago      Up 25 seconds                           dc01

使用logs命令查看守护式容器

可以通过使用docker logs命令来查看容器的运行日志，其中--tail选项可以指定查看最后几条日志，而-t选项则可以对日志条目附加时间戳。使用-f选项可以跟踪日志的输出，直到手动停止。

$ docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker logs --tail=10 dc01
Wed Aug 31 13:41:46 UTC 2016
Wed Aug 31 13:41:47 UTC 2016
Wed Aug 31 13:41:48 UTC 2016
Wed Aug 31 13:41:49 UTC 2016
Wed Aug 31 13:41:50 UTC 2016
Wed Aug 31 13:41:51 UTC 2016
Wed Aug 31 13:41:52 UTC 2016
Wed Aug 31 13:41:53 UTC 2016
Wed Aug 31 13:41:54 UTC 2016
Wed Aug 31 13:41:55 UTC 2016
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker logs -t --tail=10 dc01
2016-08-31T13:41:53.554214527Z Wed Aug 31 13:41:53 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:41:54.590200900Z Wed Aug 31 13:41:54 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:41:55.611758596Z Wed Aug 31 13:41:55 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:41:56.630210664Z Wed Aug 31 13:41:56 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:41:57.650903289Z Wed Aug 31 13:41:57 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:41:58.675035219Z Wed Aug 31 13:41:58 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:41:59.700127264Z Wed Aug 31 13:41:59 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:00.722263547Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:00 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:01.746876606Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:01 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:02.793220275Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:02 UTC 2016
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker logs -tf --tail=10 dc01
2016-08-31T13:42:09.015637533Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:09 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:10.044347857Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:10 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:11.078681070Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:11 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:12.111914908Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:12 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:13.150606884Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:13 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:14.189534719Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:14 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:15.221374110Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:15 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:16.255888600Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:16 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:17.294017584Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:17 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:18.322381829Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:18 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:19.360735491Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:19 UTC 2016
2016-08-31T13:42:20.436246759Z Wed Aug 31 13:42:20 UTC 2016
^C

查看运行中容器内的进程

$ docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker top dc01
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                20646               20618               0                   21:37               ?                   00:00:04            /bin/bash -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done
root                22536               20646               0                   21:53               ?                   00:00:00            sleep 1
schen@scvmu01:~$

在运行中容器内启动新进程

虽然Docker鼓励我们一个容器只运行一个服务，但是当我们需要对运行中的容器进行监控、维护和管理时，通常需要为运行中的容器启动新进程。

$ docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

这条命令与docker run极为相似，也可以使用-i、-t和-d等参数。

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker exec -i -t dc01 /bin/bash
root@0715b5e7fefa:/# 
root@0715b5e7fefa:/# schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker top dc01
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                20646               20618               0                   21:37               ?                   00:00:07            /bin/bash -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done
root                23592               23578               0                   22:01               pts/1               00:00:00            /bin/bash
root                23795               20646               0                   22:03               ?                   00:00:00            sleep 1
schen@scvmu01:~$

停止守护式容器

$ docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
$ docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

它们的区别在于docker stop命令向容器发送一个信号，等待容器自行终止，而docker kill命令则会直接停止容器。

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
0715b5e7fefa        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   31 minutes ago      Up 31 minutes                           dc01
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker run --name dc02 -d ubuntu /bin/bash -c "while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
10812788760fab0eb57fb82876942a47e89d73f1c687ca485c316d0b3d177556
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
10812788760f        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   4 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                            dc02
0715b5e7fefa        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   31 minutes ago      Up 31 minutes                           dc01
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker stop dc01
dc01
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
10812788760f        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   36 seconds ago      Up 35 seconds                           dc02
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker kill dc02
dc02
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
schen@scvmu01:~$

在容器中部署静态网站

在容器中通过Nginx创建静态网站的大致步骤：
1. 创建映射80端口的交互式容器
2. 安装Nginx
3. 安装文本编辑器vim
4. 创建静态页面
5. 修改Nginx配置文件
6. 运行Nginx
7. 验证网站访问

设置容器的端口映射

服务器对外提供服务需要暴露端口，这个过程在docker中可以通过docker run命令的两个参数来完成：-P映射所有打开的端口，-p则只映射指定的端口。

映射指定端口有如下四种格式：
- 命令docker run -p 80 -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash仅指定容器端口，这种情况下宿主机的端口是随机映射的；
- 命令docker run -p 8080:80 -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash同时指定了宿主机和容器的端口，这样的映射是一一对应的；
- 命令docker run -p 0.0.0.0:80 -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash指定了容器的IP地址和端口，宿主机的端口将是随机映射的；
- 命令docker run -p 0.0.0.0:8080:80 -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash同时指定了容器的IP地址，宿主机的端口和容器的端口；

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker run -p 80 --name web -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
root@690de66044af:/#

安装Nginx

root@690de66044af:/# apt-get install -y nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package nginx
root@690de66044af:/# 
root@690de66044af:/# apt-get update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [95.7 kB]
......
Reading package lists... Done
root@690de66044af:/# 
root@690de66044af:/# apt-get install -y nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
......
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu7) ...
root@690de66044af:/#

安装文本编辑器vim

root@690de66044af:/# apt-get install -y vim
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
......
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) ...
root@690de66044af:/#

创建静态页面

root@690de66044af:/# mkdir -p /var/www/html
root@690de66044af:/# 
root@690de66044af:/# cd /var/www/html         
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# 
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# vi index.html
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# 
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# cat index.html 
<html>
        <head>
                <title>Nginx in Docker</title>
        </head>
        <body>
                <h1>Hello, I'm website in Docker!</h1>
        </body>
</html>
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html#

修改Nginx配置文件

首先使用whereis命令确定Nginx的安装路径，然后查看default配置文件中的“网站根目录”，如果不是我们刚刚建立的/var/www/html则将其修改过来。

root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# 
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# ls /etc/nginx
conf.d          koi-utf     nginx.conf    sites-available  uwsgi_params
fastcgi.conf    koi-win     proxy_params  sites-enabled    win-utf
fastcgi_params  mime.types  scgi_params   snippets
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# 
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# ls /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
default
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# 
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# vi /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# 
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# cat /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default | grep "root "
        root /var/www/html;
#       root /var/www/example.com;
root@690de66044af:/var/www/html#

运行Nginx

回到根目录，运行Nginx，并将容器切换到后台。

root@690de66044af:/var/www/html# cd /
root@690de66044af:/# 
root@690de66044af:/# nginx
root@690de66044af:/# 
root@690de66044af:/# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 14:06 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash
root       790     1  0 14:50 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ngin
www-data   791   790  0 14:50 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root       792     1  0 14:50 ?        00:00:00 ps -ef
root@690de66044af:/# schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$

验证网站访问

我们可以使用docker ps和docker port命令查看到被映射的端口，使用docker top命令我们可以查看到Nginx进程仍然在运行。

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
690de66044af        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         44 minutes ago      Up 44 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp   web
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker top web
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                1680                1664                0                   22:06               pts/1               00:00:00            /bin/bash
root                2515                1680                0                   22:50               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx
www-data            2516                2515                0                   22:50               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
schen@scvmu01:~$

使用curl命令可以在命令行中验证网站是否可以访问，我们既可以通过宿主计算机的IP地址和端口号来访问，也可以通过容器的IP地址和端口号来访问。我们可以通过docker inspect命令列出容器的详细信息，并查找“IPAddress”字段确定它的IP地址。

schen@scvmu01:~$ curl http://127.0.0.1:32768
<html>
        <head>
                <title>Nginx in Docker</title>
        </head>
        <body>
                <h1>Hello, I'm website in Docker!</h1>
        </body>
</html>
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker inspect web | grep "IPAddress"
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ curl http://172.17.0.2
<html>
        <head>
                <title>Nginx in Docker</title>
        </head>
        <body>
                <h1>Hello, I'm website in Docker!</h1>
        </body>
</html>
schen@scvmu01:~$

当然，通过浏览器验证也是完全可以的。

重新启动这个容器

使用docker stop停止容器并使用docker start重启后，我们会发现容器中并没有Nginx进程在运行，这时候就要用到docker exec命令，让它来帮我们启动Nginx。

schen@scvmu01:~$ docker stop web
web
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker start -i web
root@690de66044af:/# 
root@690de66044af:/# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  1 15:30 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         9     1  0 15:30 ?        00:00:00 ps -ef
root@690de66044af:/# 
root@690de66044af:/# schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker exec web nginx
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker top web
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                2683                2657                0                   23:30               pts/1               00:00:00            /bin/bash
root                2742                1                   0                   23:32               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx
www-data            2743                2742                0                   23:32               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
schen@scvmu01:~$

我们通过刚才的命令验证这个网站，发现失败了。这是因为每次启动这个容器，IP地址和映射端口号都会被重新分配。我们可以使用docker inspect命令列出容器的详细信息，并查找“IPAddress”和“HostPort”字段来确定新的IP地址和映射端口号。

schen@scvmu01:~$ curl http://127.0.0.1:32768
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 32768: Connection refused
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker inspect web | grep "HostPort"
                        "HostPort": ""
                        "HostPort": "32769"
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ curl http://127.0.0.1:32769
<html>
        <head>
                <title>Nginx in Docker</title>
        </head>
        <body>
                <h1>Hello, I'm website in Docker!</h1>
        </body>
</html>
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ docker inspect web | grep "IPAddress"
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
schen@scvmu01:~$ 
schen@scvmu01:~$ curl http://172.17.0.2
<html>
        <head>
                <title>Nginx in Docker</title>
        </head>
        <body>
                <h1>Hello, I'm website in Docker!</h1>
        </body>
</html>
schen@scvmu01:~$

小结

本节介绍了Docker容器的相关知识以及命令的基本用法，关于这些命令的更多内容可以查阅官方手册，即通过man命令查看，例如：

man docker-run
man docker-logs
man docker-top
man docker-exec
...

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