视频封装格式——MP4

一：介绍MP4(MPEG-4 Part 14)是一种常见的多媒体容器格式，它是在“ISO/IEC 14496-14”标准文件中定义的，属于MPEG-4的一部分，是“ISO/IEC 14496-12(MPEG-4 Part 12 ISO base media file format)”标准中所定义的媒体格式的一种实现，后者定义了一种通用的媒体文件结构标准。MP4是一种描述较为全面的容器格式，

一步-refresh

7312人浏览 · 2016-10-14 23:38:21

一步-refresh · 2016-10-14 23:38:21 发布

一：介绍

MP4(MPEG-4 Part 14)是一种常见的多媒体容器格式，它是在“ISO/IEC 14496-14”标准文件中定义的，属于MPEG-4的一部分，是“ISO/IEC 14496-12(MPEG-4 Part 12 ISO base media file format)”标准中所定义的媒体格式的一种实现，后者定义了一种通用的媒体文件结构标准。MP4是一种描述较为全面的容器格式，被认为可以在其中嵌入任何形式的数据，各种编码的视频、音频等都不在话下，不过我们常见的大部分的MP4文件存放的AVC(H.264)或MPEG-4(Part 2)编码的视频和AAC编码的音频。MP4格式的官方文件后缀名是“.mp4”，还有其他的以mp4为基础进行的扩展或者是缩水版本的格式，包括：M4V, 3GP, F4V等。

二：BOX结构

mp4是由一个个“box”组成的，大box中存放小box，一级嵌套一级来存放媒体信息。box的基本结构是：

三：BOX类型

MP4的Box种类繁多，以下为参照（√为必须包含的Box）：

MP4 Format
MP4 Format
Box Type						Option	Description
ftyp						√	file type and compatibility
pdin							progressive download information
moov						√	container for all the metadata
	mvhd					√	movie header, overall declarations
	trak					√	container for an individual track or stream
		tkhd				√	track header, overall information about the track
		tref					track reference container
		edts					edit list container
			elst				an edit list
		mdia				√	container for the media information in a track
			mdhd			√	media header, overall information about the media
			hdlr			√	handler, declares the media (handler) type
			minf			√	media information container
				vmhd			video media header, overall information (video track only)
				smhd			sound media header, overall information (sound track only)
				hmhd			hint media header, overall information (hint track only)
				nmhd			Null media header, overall information (some tracks only)
				dinf		√	data information box, container
					dref	√	data reference box, declares source(s) of media data in track
				stbl		√	sample table box, container for the time/space map
					stsd	√	sample descriptions (codec types, initialization etc.)
					stts	√	(decoding) time-to-sample
					ctts		(composition) time to sample
					stsc	√	sample-to-chunk, partial data-offset information
					stsz		sample sizes (framing)
					stz2		compact sample sizes (framing)
					stco	√	chunk offset, partial data-offset information
					co64		64-bit chunk offset
					stss		sync sample table (random access points)
					stsh		shadow sync sample table
					padb		sample padding bits
					stdp		sample degradation priority
					sdtp		independent and disposable samples
					sbgp		sample-to-group
					sgpd		sample group description
					subs		sub-sample information
	mvex						movie extends box
		mehd					movie extends header box
		trex				√	track extends defaults
	ipmc						IPMP Control Box
moof							movie fragment
	mfhd					√	movie fragment header
	traf						track fragment
		tfhd				√	track fragment header
		trun					track fragment run
		sdtp					independent and disposable samples
		sbgp					sample-to-group
		subs					sub-sample information
mfra							movie fragment random access
	tfra						track fragment random access
	mfro					√	movie fragment random access offset
mdat							media data container
free							free space
skip							free space
	udta						user-data
		cprt					copyright etc
meta							metadata
	hdlr					√	handler, declares the metadata (handler) type
	dinf						data information box, container
		dref					data reference box, declares source(s) of metadata items
	ipmc						IPMP Control Box
	iloc						item location
	ipro						item protection
		sinf					protection scheme information box
			frma				original format box
			imif				IPMP Information box
			schm				scheme type box
			schi				scheme information box
	iinf						item information
	xml						XML container
	bxml						primary item reference
	pitm						primary item reference
	fiin						file delivery item information
		paen					partition entry
			fpar				FEC reservoir
			fecr				FEC reservoir
		segr					file delivery session group
		gitn					group id to name
		tsel					track selection
meco							additional metadata container
	mere						metabox relation

四：示例

补充：具体的各种Box结构需另外参考。

参考：

http://blog.163.com/niuxiangshan@126/blog/static/1705965952012102011316978/
http://blog.csdn.net/pirateleo/article/details/7061452
http://www.cnblogs.com/haibindev/archive/2011/10/17/2214518.html
http://www.xuebuyuan.com/1799539.html

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