Windows Server 2012 R2中，Tomcat启动后一个应用报错：一个或多个listeners启动失败，更多详细信息查看对应的容器日志文件，且启动失败。网上找了很多文章，都是写在开发过程中造成了这个错误。经查找localhost日志文件中发现一句Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: D:\var\repository\.lock (拒绝访问。)

停止服务，删除D:\var\repository\.lock文件，重启tomcat，tomcat启动成功，但服务仍未启动。tomcat报错：

 31-Jul-2021 16:11:28.155 严重 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart 异常将上下文初始化事件发送到类的侦听器实例.[org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener]
    org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'jcrRepository' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.apache.jackrabbit.core.RepositoryImpl]: Factory method 'create' threw exception; nested exception is javax.jcr.RepositoryException: Cannot instantiate persistence manager org.apache.jackrabbit.core.persistence.pool.DerbyPersistenceManager
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:599)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1119)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1014)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:504)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:476)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:303)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:755)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:757)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480)
        at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:403)
        at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:306)
        at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:106)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4763)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5232)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:755)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:729)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:695)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:1016)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1903)
        at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.apache.jackrabbit.core.RepositoryImpl]: Factory method 'create' threw exception; nested exception is javax.jcr.RepositoryException: Cannot instantiate persistence manager org.apache.jackrabbit.core.persistence.pool.DerbyPersistenceManager
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:189)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:588)
        ... 27 more
    Caused by: javax.jcr.RepositoryException: Cannot instantiate persistence manager org.apache.jackrabbit.core.persistence.pool.DerbyPersistenceManager
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.RepositoryImpl.createPersistenceManager(RepositoryImpl.java:1379)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.RepositoryImpl.createVersionManager(RepositoryImpl.java:512)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.RepositoryImpl.<init>(RepositoryImpl.java:313)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.RepositoryImpl.create(RepositoryImpl.java:615)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:162)
        ... 28 more
    Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: An SQL data change is not permitted for a read-only connection, user or database.
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory40.getSQLException(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.Util.generateCsSQLException(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.TransactionResourceImpl.wrapInSQLException(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.TransactionResourceImpl.handleException(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedConnection.handleException(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.ConnectionChild.handleException(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedStatement.executeStatement(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedStatement.execute(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedStatement.execute(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DelegatingStatement.execute(DelegatingStatement.java:264)
        at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DelegatingStatement.execute(DelegatingStatement.java:264)
        at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DelegatingStatement.execute(DelegatingStatement.java:264)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.util.db.ConnectionHelper.reallyExec(ConnectionHelper.java:307)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.util.db.ConnectionHelper$1.call(ConnectionHelper.java:292)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.util.db.ConnectionHelper$1.call(ConnectionHelper.java:288)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.util.db.ConnectionHelper$RetryManager.doTry(ConnectionHelper.java:543)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.util.db.ConnectionHelper.exec(ConnectionHelper.java:288)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.persistence.pool.DerbyPersistenceManager.init(DerbyPersistenceManager.java:253)
        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.RepositoryImpl.createPersistenceManager(RepositoryImpl.java:1375)
        ... 36 more
    Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: An SQL data change is not permitted for a read-only connection, user or database.
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory.getSQLException(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory40.wrapArgsForTransportAcrossDRDA(Unknown Source)
        ... 55 more
    Caused by: ERROR 25502: An SQL data change is not permitted for a read-only connection, user or database.
        at org.apache.derby.iapi.error.StandardException.newException(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.conn.GenericAuthorizer.authorize(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.exe.aca02ac013x017axfd55xa92dx00000b253f081.g0(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.services.reflect.ReflectMethod.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.execute.CallStatementResultSet.open(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.GenericPreparedStatement.executeStmt(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.GenericPreparedStatement.execute(Unknown Source)
        ... 49 more
31-Jul-2021 16:11:28.155 严重 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal 一个或多个listeners启动失败，更多详细信息查看对应的容器日志文件
31-Jul-2021 16:11:28.155 严重 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal 由于之前的错误，Context[/jwpt]启动失败

后来修改服务启动账户为本地系统账户，重新启动tomcat后服务顺利启动。