Linux教程 - 在Shell脚本中声明和使用布尔变量示例
需要定义一个名为failed的bash变量,并将值设置为False。当从cron作业调用我们的脚本时,特定的任务可能会失败,然后我需要将failed转换为True。基于$failed,我需要发送一封电子邮件警告我的cron作业失败了。那么,如何在Linux服务器上运行的shell脚本中声明和使用布尔变量呢?Bash中没有布尔值。但是,我们可以根据需要将shell变量的值定义为0(“False”)或
需要定义一个名为failed的bash变量,并将值设置为False。当从cron作业调用我们的脚本时,特定的任务可能会失败,然后我需要将failed转换为True。基于$failed,我需要发送一封电子邮件警告我的cron作业失败了。那么,如何在Linux服务器上运行的shell脚本中声明和使用布尔变量呢?
Bash中没有布尔值。但是,我们可以根据需要将shell变量的值定义为0(“False”)或1(“True”)。不过,Bash也支持布尔表达式条件。让我们看看如何在Bash中组合这两个概念来声明布尔变量,并在运行在Linux、macOS、FreeBSD或类unix系统上的shell脚本中使用它们。
在bash中声明布尔变量
语法如下,定义如下内容
failed=0 # False
jobdone=1 # True
## 更具可读性的语法 ##
failed=false
jobdone=true
现在,当$failed是数字(例如0或1)时,我们可以按以下方式检查它:
if [ $failed -eq 1 ]
then
echo "Job failed"
else
echo "Job done"
fi
就这样。
如何在Shell脚本中声明和使用布尔变量(例如“ true”和“ false”)
当然,我们可以将它们定义为字符串,并使我们的代码更具可读性:
#!/bin/bash
# Declare it as string
failed="false"
if [ "$failed" == "true" ]
then
echo "Job failed"
else
echo "Job done"
fi
或者
# set it to true
email_sent=true
# ...do your stuff and flip email_sent to 'false' if needed ...
if [ "$email_sent" = true ]
then
echo 'Data logged and email sent too.'
else
echo 'ALERT: Operation failed.'
logger 'ALERT: Operation failed.'
fi
在bash下定义布尔变量的替代语法如下:
# Let us Declare Two Boolean Variables
# Set this one to true
jobstatus=true
# Check it
if [ "$jobstatus" = true ] ; then
echo 'Okay :)'
else
echo 'Noop :('
fi
# Double bracket format syntax to test Boolean variables in bash
bool=false
if [[ "$bool" = true ]] ; then
echo 'Done.'
else
echo 'Failed.'
fi
让我们对其进行测试:
shell脚本示例中的Bash布尔变量
下面是一个示例脚本:
#!/bin/bash
# Purpose: Backup stuff from /data/apps
# Tested on : AWS EC2 with EFS and Ubuntu 20.04 Pro servers
# ---------------------------------------------------------
source "/apps/.keychain/$HOSTNAME-sh"
source "/apps/scripts/cli_app.sh"
# Set failed to 'False'
failed=0
D="/nfsefs/ec2mum/prodwwwroot"
log="/tmp/server.log.$$.txt"
# Log everything to our file
exec 3>&1 4>&2
trap 'exec 2>&4 1>&3' 0 1 2 3
exec 1>"${log}" 2>&1
# Backup all web servers
for s in www-0{1..8}
do
/usr/bin/rsync -az --delete backupt@${s}:/data/apps/ ${D}/${s}/
# set to 'true' when rsync failed and continue loop
[ $? -ne 0 ] && failed=1
done
# See if rsync failed in loop
if [ $failed -eq 1 ]
then
echo "$0 script error: rsync backup failed. See attached log file." | mail -A ${log} -s "$HOSTNAME - LXD backup failed" -r sysuser@my-corp-tld alert@somewhere-tld
push_to_mobile "$0" "Dear sysadmin,
Backup failed at $HOSTNAME at $(date).
---- log:start ---
$(<${log})
--- log:end --
--
Yours faithfully,
$0"
fi
[ -f "${log}" ] && rm -f "${log}"
Bash布尔测试
首先,定义一个日志文件:
log="/tmp/rsnapshot.$$.txt"
让我们运行rsnapshot命令:
/usr/bin/rsnapshot "$1" 2>&1 | $HOME/bin/error-scanner.pl > "${log}"
在$status中获取bash命令的退出状态,如下所示:
status=$?
接下来在我们的$log文件中搜索ERROR:
alogs="$(egrep -w '^ERROR:|ERROR' $log)"
如果$status不为零(命令失败)或$alogs不为空(由$HOME/bin/error-scanner.pl报告错误),那么通过电子邮件/文本消息通知系统管理员或开发人员:
if [ $status -ne 0 ] || [ "$alogs" != "" ]; then
sub="Backup job failed at $HOSTNAME"
mail -A "$log" -s "$sub" -r sys@somewhere-tld sysadmin@gmail-tld <<< "$0 script ended with errors when we ran /usr/bin/rsnapshot \"$1\" $alogs"
push_to_mobile "$0" "$sub
$0 script ended with errors when we ran /usr/bin/rsnapshot \"$1\"
$alogs
See email for detailed log."
else
sub="Backup successful at $HOSTNAME"
#push_to_mobile "$0" "$sub. See email for detailed backup log." >/dev/null
#mail -A "$log" -s "$sub" -r sys@somewhere-tld sysadmin@gmail-tld <<< "$0 /usr/bin/rsnapshot ran successfully\"$1\" $alogs"
fi
最后,删除$log文件:
[ -f "$log" ] && rm -f "$log"
总结
本文我们讲解了如何在Linux或类Unix系统的shell脚本/bash中声明和使用布尔变量。使用man命令查看以下手册页:
$ man bash
$ help test
$ help if
更多推荐
所有评论(0)