1.枚举类

public enum GenderEnum implements Enumerator {

    UNKNOWN(0, "未知"),

    MALE(1, "男"),

    FEMALE(2, "女");


    private final Integer code;
    private final String description;

    GenderEnum(Integer code, String description) {
        this.code = code;
        this.description = description;
    }


    @Override
    public Integer code() {
        return code;
    }

    @Override
    public String description() {
        return description;
    }
}

2.全局配置

@Configuration
public class GlobalConfig {

    @Bean
    public Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer enumCustomizer(){
        return jacksonObjectMapperBuilder -> jacksonObjectMapperBuilder.serializerByType(Enumerator.class, new JsonSerializer<Enumerator>() {
            @Override
            public void serialize(Enumerator value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider serializers) throws IOException {
                gen.writeStartObject();
                gen.writeNumberField("code",value.code());
                gen.writeStringField("description",value.description());
                gen.writeEndObject();
            }
        });
    }

}

3.测试代码

@Test
    void enumTest() {
        try {
            String s = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(GenderEnum.MALE);
            // 输出字符串 MALE
            System.out.println(s);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

没开启全局设置，运行结果如下：

"MALE"

开启全局设置，运行结果如下：

{"code":1,"description":"男"}