1.安装xlsx依赖

npm install xlsx --save

2.创建一个js作为外部引入,命名为excel.js

/* eslint-disable */
import XLSX from 'xlsx';

function auto_width(ws, data){
    /*set worksheet max width per col*/
    const colWidth = data.map(row => row.map(val => {
        /*if null/undefined*/
        if (val == null) {
            return {'wch': 10};
        }
        /*if chinese*/
        else if (val.toString().charCodeAt(0) > 255) {
            return {'wch': val.toString().length * 2};
        } else {
            return {'wch': val.toString().length};
        }
    }))
    /*start in the first row*/
    let result = colWidth[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < colWidth.length; i++) {
        for (let j = 0; j < colWidth[i].length; j++) {
            if (result[j]['wch'] < colWidth[i][j]['wch']) {
                result[j]['wch'] = colWidth[i][j]['wch'];
            }
        }
    }
    ws['!cols'] = result;
}

function json_to_array(key, jsonData){
    return jsonData.map(v => key.map(j => { return v[j] }));
}

// fix data,return string
function fixdata(data) {
    let o = ''
    let l = 0
    const w = 10240
    for (; l < data.byteLength / w; ++l) o += String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(data.slice(l * w, l * w + w)))
    o += String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(data.slice(l * w)))
    return o
}

// get head from excel file,return array
function get_header_row(sheet) {
    const headers = []
    const range = XLSX.utils.decode_range(sheet['!ref'])
    let C
    const R = range.s.r /* start in the first row */
    for (C = range.s.c; C <= range.e.c; ++C) { /* walk every column in the range */
        var cell = sheet[XLSX.utils.encode_cell({ c: C, r: R })] /* find the cell in the first row */
        var hdr = 'UNKNOWN ' + C // <-- replace with your desired default
        if (cell && cell.t) hdr = XLSX.utils.format_cell(cell)
        headers.push(hdr)
    }
    return headers
}

export const export_table_to_excel= (id, filename) => {
    const table = document.getElementById(id);
    const wb = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(table);
    XLSX.writeFile(wb, filename);
}

export const export_json_to_excel = ({data, key, title, filename, autoWidth}) => {
    const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();
    data.unshift(title);
    const ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet(data, {header: key, skipHeader: true});
    if(autoWidth){
        const arr = json_to_array(key, data);
        auto_width(ws, arr);
    }
    XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, filename);
    XLSX.writeFile(wb, filename + '.xlsx');
}

export const export_array_to_excel = ({key, data, title, filename, autoWidth}) => {
    const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();
    const arr = json_to_array(key, data);
    arr.unshift(title);
    const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(arr);
    if(autoWidth){
        auto_width(ws, arr);
    }
    XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, filename);
    XLSX.writeFile(wb, filename + '.xlsx');
}

export const read = (data, type) => {
    /* if type == 'base64' must fix data first */
    // const fixedData = fixdata(data)
    // const workbook = XLSX.read(btoa(fixedData), { type: 'base64' })
    const workbook = XLSX.read(data, { type: type });
    const firstSheetName = workbook.SheetNames[0];
    const worksheet = workbook.Sheets[firstSheetName];
    const header = get_header_row(worksheet);
    const results = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(worksheet);
    return {header, results};
}

export default {
  export_table_to_excel,
  export_array_to_excel,
  export_json_to_excel,
  read
}

3.在需要的组件中添加方法，以iview为例（主要是拿到上传的file文件),这是action地址不需要后台提供，这里使用的是iview中的默认上传地址，在这个需要使用的组件中用import 引入上面新建的excel.js

<Upload ref="uploadFileFlag" action="//jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/" :before-upload="beforeFile" :on-remove="removeFile">
              <Button icon="ios-cloud-upload-outline">上传文件</Button>
            </Upload>

4.beforeFile中可以拿到我们想要的file

 beforeFile(file){
        const fileExt = file.name.split('.').pop().toLocaleLowerCase()
        this.uploadFile = file;
        if (fileExt === 'xlsx' || fileExt === 'xls') {
          this.readFile(file)
          this.file = file
        } else {
          this.$Notice.warning({
            title: '文件类型错误',
            desc: '文件：' + file.name + '不是EXCEL文件，请选择后缀为.xlsx或者.xls的EXCEL文件。'
          })
        }
        return false
      },

5.这是读取文件

     // 读取文件
    readFile(file) {
      const reader = new FileReader()
      reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file)
      reader.onloadstart = e => {
        this.uploadLoading = true
        this.tableLoading = true
        this.showProgress = true
      }
      reader.onprogress = e => {
        this.progressPercent = Math.round(e.loaded / e.total * 100)
      }
      reader.onerror = e => {
        this.$Message.error('文件读取出错')
      }
      reader.onload = e => {
        const data = e.target.result
        const { header, results } = excel.read(data, 'array')
        const tableTitle = header.map(item => { return { title: item, key: item } })
        this.tableData = results  //这里的tableData就是拿到的excel表格中的数据
        this.tableTitle = tableTitle
        this.uploadLoading = false
        this.tableLoading = false
        this.showRemoveFile = true
      }
    },