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I notice that a lot of projects name their react components with uppercase class names and lowercase filenames. Why would that be different?

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I believe that would not be the best practice. The filename should be the same as the React component's, and should be written in PascalCase.

For instance: Navigation.jsx exports Navigation

Further reading about naming conventions:

• Stackoverflow question

Bonus: Structuring files and folders in a React project:

• Yay, Hackernoon again!

• Alexis Mangin's post

• You probably don't need to read this if you don't use redux, but it has a good comparison between function-first and feature-first grouping techniques. Alex Moldovan's post

Edit: From nextjs official website

Next.js will serve each file in /pages under a pathname matching the filename.

For example, /pages/about.js is served at site.com/about.

Therefore in case of Nextjs, they wanted to separate component and page files as page files are used for routing.