在vm虚拟机中手动安装或更新VMwareTools

应用与linux系统的虚拟机，使用命令行方式手动安装或更新vm tools。

安装最新版本的VMware Tools能提升虚拟机客户操作系统的效率并改善其操作方式。打开虚拟机，如果有可用的新版本VMware Tools就会在客户端状态栏看见一个提示框。

（下面介绍如何安装了）

准备工作

1. 打开虚拟机；
2. 核实客户端系统正在运行；
3. 因为VMware Tools的安装程序是用Perl编写的，所以核实客户端系统已经安装了Perl。

安装步骤

1.  在主机，从Player 菜单栏选择 Player-> Manage-> Install Vmware Tools；

      如果已经安装过了一个较早的VMware Tools版本，这个菜单选项是Update Vmware Tools；

2.  在虚拟机，使用root用户登陆客户端系统并打开一个终端窗口；

3.  无参数运行mount命令检测Linux系统是否为VMware Tools 自动挂载了CD-ROM镜像。

     如果CD-ROM设备被自动挂载了，则它的挂载点应该有如下内容被列出：

     /dev/cdrom on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660(ro,nosuid,nodev)

4.  如果VM Tools镜像没有没挂载，挂载该设备：

     a, 如果挂载点目录不存在，创建该目录：

         mkdir /mnt/cdrom

         有些Linux分配使用不同的挂载点名字，比如说有的分配给挂载点的是 /media/VMware Tools 而不是/mnt/cdrom。相应的修改命令即可。

     b. 挂载CD-ROM设备

         mount  /dev/cdrom  /mnt/cdrom

         有些Linux分配使用不同的挂载点名字，比如说有的分配给挂载点的是 /media/VMware Tools 而不是/mnt/cdrom。相应的修改命令即可。

5.  进入到工作目录（比如/tmp）

     cd /tmp

6.  在安装VM Tools之前要删除一切以前安装的vmware-tools-distrib目录。

      该目录的位置是你以前安装它的地方，一般它在/tmp/vmare-tools-distrib中；

7.  罗列挂载点目录的内容，注意VM Tools安装压缩文件的文件名。

      ls mount-point

8.  解压安装文件

     tar zxpf  /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-x.x.x-yyyy.tar.gz

     x.x.x的值是该产品版本号，yyyy是产品序列号；

    如果要尝试跳过RPM安装，或者相反，安装者要检测早先的版本并在继续前必须转换安转者的数据库格式。

9. 如果需要，取消CD-ROM的挂载镜像。

    umount /dev/cdrom

    如果你的Linux是自动分配挂载CD-ROM，不需要这一步。

10. 运行安装文件并配置VM Tools

    cd vmware-tools-distrib

    ./vmware-install.p1

    通常，vmware-config-tools.p1在安装文件结束运行后进行配置文件。

11. 如果默认配置参数对你来说是适当的话只需要按Enter键去回应提示信息就好。

12. 脚本末尾的指令。

    根据你的使用特征，这些指令有重启X回话，重启网络，再次登录，还有重启VM 用户进程。可以选择一种重启系统实现设置。

接下来

如果有有效的新的virtual machine 虚拟硬件版本，更新它。

原文

Manually Install or Upgrade VMware Tools in a Linux Virtual Machine
For Linux virtual machines, you manually install or upgrade VMware Tools by using the command line.
Install the latest version of VMware Tools to enhance the performance of the virtual machine's guest operating system and improve virtual machine management. When you power on a virtual machine, if a new version of VMware Tools is available, you see a notification in the status bar of the guest operating system.
Prerequisites
■ Power on the virtual machine.
■ Verify that the guest operating system is running.
■ Because the VMware Tools installer is written in Perl, verify that Perl is installed in the guest operating system.
Procedure
1 On the host, from the Player menu bar, select Player > Manage > Install VMware Tools.
If an earlier version of VMware Tools is installed, the menu item is Update VMware Tools.
2 In the virtual machine, log in to the guest operating system as root and open a terminal window.
3 Run the mount command with no arguments to determine whether your Linux distribution automatically mounted the VMware Tools virtual CD-ROM image.
If the CD-ROM device is mounted, the CD-ROM device and its mount point are listed as something like this:
/dev/cdrom on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660 (ro,nosuid,nodev)
4 If the VMware Tools virtual CD-ROM image is not mounted, mount the CD-ROM drive.
a If a mount point directory does not already exist, create it.
mkdir /mnt/cdrom
Some Linux distributions use different mount point names. For example, on some distributions the mount point is /media/VMware Tools rather than /mnt/cdrom. Modify the command to reflect the conventions that your distribution uses.
b Mount the CD-ROM drive.
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
Some Linux distributions use different device names or organize the /dev directory differently. If your CD-ROM drive is not /dev/cdrom or if the mount point for a CD-ROM is not /mnt/cdrom, modify the command to reflect the conventions that your distribution uses.
5 Change to a working directory (for example, /tmp).
cd /tmp
6 Delete any previous vmware-tools-distrib directory before you install VMware Tools.
The location of this directory depends on where you placed it during the previous installation. Often this directory is placed in /tmp/vmware-tools-distrib.
7 List the contents of the mount point directory and note the filename of the VMware Tools tar installer.
ls mount-point
8 Uncompress the installer.
tar zxpf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-x.x.x-yyyy.tar.gz
The value x.x.x is the product version number, and yyyy is the build number of the product release.
If you attempt to install a tar installation over an RPM installation, or the reverse, the installer detects the previous installation and must convert the installer database format before continuing.
9 If necessary, unmount the CD-ROM image.
umount /dev/cdrom 
If your Linux distribution automatically mounted the CD-ROM, you do not need to unmount the image.
10 Run the installer and configure VMware Tools.
cd vmware-tools-distrib
./vmware-install.pl
Usually, the vmware-config-tools.pl configuration file runs after the installer file finishes running.
11 Respond to the prompts by pressing Enter to accept the default values, if appropriate for your configuration.
12 Follow the instructions at the end of the script.
Depending on the features you use, these instructions can include restarting the X session, restarting networking, logging in again, and starting the VMware User process. You can alternatively reboot the guest operating system to accomplish all these tasks.
What to do next
If a new virtual hardware version is available for the virtual machine, upgrade the virtual hardware.

gentoo环境下安装请参考该文：http://blog.csdn.net/taina2008/article/details/2683929

or Linux virtual machines, you manually install or upgrade VMware Tools by using the command line.