K8S

一、健康检查:又称为探针(Probe)

探针是由kubelet对容器执行的定期诊断。

探针的三种规则

livenessProbe:判断容器是否正在运行。如果探测失败,则kubelet会杀死容器,并且容器将根据 restartPolicy 来设置 Pod 状态。如果容器不提供存活探针,则默认状态为Success。

readinessProbe :判断容器是否准备好接受请求。如果探测失败,端点控制器将从与 Pod 匹配的所有 service endpoints 中剔除删除该Pod的IP地址。初始延迟之前的就绪状态默认为Failure。如果容器不提供就绪探针,则默认状态为Success。

startupProbe(这个1.17版本增加的):判断容器内的应用程序是否已启动,主要针对于不能确定具体启动时间的应用。如果配置了 startupProbe 探测,在则在 startupProbe 状态为 Success 之前,其他所有探针都处于无效状态,直到它成功后其他探针才起作用。 如果 startupProbe 失败,kubelet 将杀死容器,容器将根据 restartPolicy 来重启。如果容器没有配置 startupProbe, 则默认状态为 Success。
#注:以上规则可以同时定义。在readinessProbe检测成功之前,Pod的running状态是不会变成ready状态的。

Probe支持三种检查方法

exec :在容器内执行指定命令。如果命令退出时返回码为0则认为诊断成功。

tcpSocket :对指定端口上的容器的IP地址进行TCP检查(三次握手)。如果端口打开,则诊断被认为是成功的。

httpGet :对指定的端口和路径上的容器的IP地址执行HTTPGet请求。如果响应的状态码大于等于200且小于400,则诊断被认为是成功的

每次探测都将获得以下三种结果之一

成功:容器通过了诊断。
失败:容器未通过诊断。
未知:诊断失败,因此不会采取任何行动

官网示例
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-liveness-readiness-startup-probes/
示例1:exec方式
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    test: liveness
  name: liveness-exec
spec:
  containers:
  - name: liveness
    image: k8s.gcr.io/busybox
    args:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - touch /tmp/healthy; sleep 30; rm -rf /tmp/healthy; sleep 60
    livenessProbe:
      exec:
        command:
        - cat
        - /tmp/healthy
      failureThreshold: 1
      initialDelaySeconds: 5
      periodSeconds: 5

initialDelaySeconds:指定 kubelet 在执行第一次探测前应该等待5秒,即第一次探测是在容器启动后的第6秒才开始执行。默认是 0 秒,最小值是 0。
periodSeconds:指定了 kubelet 应该每 5 秒执行一次存活探测。默认是 10 秒。最小值是 1。
failureThreshold: 当探测失败时,Kubernetes 将在放弃之前重试的次数。 存活探测情况下的放弃就意味着重新启动容器。就绪探测情况下的放弃 Pod 会被打上未就绪的标签。默认值是 3。最小值是 1。
timeoutSeconds:探测的超时后等待多少秒。默认值是 1 秒。最小值是 1。(在 Kubernetes 1.20 版本之前,exec 探针会忽略 timeoutSeconds 探针会无限期地 持续运行,甚至可能超过所配置的限期,直到返回结果为止。)

可以看到 Pod 中只有一个容器。kubelet 在执行第一次探测前需要等待 5 秒,kubelet 会每 5 秒执行一次存活探测。kubelet 在容器内执行命令 cat /tmp/healthy 来进行探测。如果命令执行成功并且返回值为 0,kubelet 就会认为这个容器是健康存活的。 当到达第 31 秒时,这个命令返回非 0 值,kubelet 会杀死这个容器并重新启动它。

vim exec.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: liveness-exec
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: liveness-exec-container
    image: busybox
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    command: ["/bin/sh","-c","touch /tmp/live ; sleep 30; rm -rf /tmp/live; sleep 3600"]
    livenessProbe:
      exec:
        command: ["test","-e","/tmp/live"]
      initialDelaySeconds: 1
      periodSeconds: 3

```css
kubectl create -f exec.yaml

kubectl describe pods liveness-exec
Events:
  Type     Reason     Age               From               Message
  ----     ------     ----              ----               -------
  Normal   Scheduled  51s               default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/liveness-exec-pod to node02
  Normal   Pulled     46s               kubelet, node02    Container image "busybox" already present on machine
  Normal   Created    46s               kubelet, node02    Created container liveness-exec-container
  Normal   Started    45s               kubelet, node02    Started container liveness-exec-container
  Warning  Unhealthy  8s (x3 over 14s)  kubelet, node02    Liveness probe failed:
  Normal   Killing    8s                kubelet, node02    Container liveness-exec-container failed liveness probe,will be restarted

kubectl get pods -w
NAME                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
liveness-exec       1/1     Running   1          85s
示例2:httpGet方式
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    test: liveness
  name: liveness-http
spec:
  containers:
  - name: liveness
    image: k8s.gcr.io/liveness
    args:
    - /server
    livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
        path: /healthz
        port: 8080
        httpHeaders:
        - name: Custom-Header
          value: Awesome
      initialDelaySeconds: 3
      periodSeconds: 3

在这个配置文件中,可以看到 Pod 也只有一个容器。initialDelaySeconds 字段告诉 kubelet 在执行第一次探测前应该等待 3 秒。periodSeconds 字段指定了 kubelet 每隔 3 秒执行一次存活探测。kubelet 会向容器内运行的服务(服务会监听 8080 端口)发送一个 HTTP GET 请求来执行探测。如果服务器上 /healthz 路径下的处理程序返回成功代码,则 kubelet 认为容器是健康存活的。如果处理程序返回失败代码,则 kubelet 会杀死这个容器并且重新启动它。

任何大于或等于 200 并且小于 400 的返回代码标示成功,其它返回代码都标示失败。

vim httpget.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: liveness-httpget
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: liveness-httpget-container
    image: soscscs/myapp:v1
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
        port: http
        path: /index.html
      initialDelaySeconds: 1
      periodSeconds: 3
      timeoutSeconds: 10
kubectl create -f httpget.yaml

kubectl exec -it liveness-httpget -- rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

kubectl get pods
NAME               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
liveness-httpget   1/1     Running   1          2m44s
示例3:tcpSocket方式
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: goproxy
  labels:
    app: goproxy
spec:
  containers:
  - name: goproxy
    image: k8s.gcr.io/goproxy:0.1
    ports:
    - containerPort: 8080
    readinessProbe:
      tcpSocket:
        port: 8080
      initialDelaySeconds: 5
      periodSeconds: 10
    livenessProbe:
      tcpSocket:
        port: 8080
      initialDelaySeconds: 15
      periodSeconds: 20

这个例子同时使用 readinessProbe 和 livenessProbe 探测。kubelet 会在容器启动 5 秒后发送第一个 readinessProbe 探测。这会尝试连接 goproxy 容器的 8080 端口。如果探测成功,kubelet 将继续每隔 10 秒运行一次检测。除了 readinessProbe 探测,这个配置包括了一个 livenessProbe 探测。kubelet 会在容器启动 15 秒后进行第一次 livenessProbe 探测。就像 readinessProbe 探测一样,会尝试连接 goproxy 容器的 8080 端口。如果 livenessProbe 探测失败,这个容器会被重新启动。

vim tcpsocket.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: probe-tcp
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: soscscs/myapp:v1
    livenessProbe:
      initialDelaySeconds: 5
      timeoutSeconds: 1
      tcpSocket:
        port: 8080
      periodSeconds: 3
kubectl create -f tcpsocket.yaml

kubectl exec -it probe-tcp  -- netstat -natp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/nginx: master pro

kubectl get pods -w
NAME        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
probe-tcp   1/1     Running   0          4s
probe-tcp   1/1     Running   1          14s
probe-tcp   1/1     Running   2          26s
示例4:就绪检测
vim readiness-httpget.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: readiness-httpget
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: readiness-httpget-container
    image: soscscs/myapp:v1
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    readinessProbe:
      httpGet:
        port: 80
        path: /index1.html
      initialDelaySeconds: 1
      periodSeconds: 3
    livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
        port: http
        path: /index.html
      initialDelaySeconds: 1
      periodSeconds: 3
      timeoutSeconds: 10
kubectl create -f readiness-httpget.yaml
readiness探测失败,无法进入READY状态

kubectl get pods 
NAME                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
readiness-httpget   0/1     Running   0          18s

kubectl exec -it readiness-httpget sh
 # cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
 # ls
50x.html    index.html
 # echo 123 > index1.html 
 # exit

kubectl get pods 
NAME                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
readiness-httpget   1/1     Running   0          2m31s

kubectl exec -it readiness-httpget -- rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

kubectl get pods -w
NAME                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
readiness-httpget   1/1     Running   0          4m10s
readiness-httpget   0/1     Running   1          4m15s
示例5:就绪检测2
vim readiness-myapp.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp1
  labels:
     app: myapp
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: soscscs/myapp:v1
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    readinessProbe:
      httpGet:
        port: 80
        path: /index.html
      initialDelaySeconds: 5
      periodSeconds: 5
      timeoutSeconds: 10 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp2
  labels:
     app: myapp
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: soscscs/myapp:v1
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    readinessProbe:
      httpGet:
        port: 80
        path: /index.html
      initialDelaySeconds: 5
      periodSeconds: 5
      timeoutSeconds: 10 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp3
  labels:
     app: myapp
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: soscscs/myapp:v1
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    readinessProbe:
      httpGet:
        port: 80
        path: /index.html
      initialDelaySeconds: 5
      periodSeconds: 5
      timeoutSeconds: 10 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  selector:
    app: myapp
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
kubectl create -f readiness-myapp.yaml

kubectl get pods,svc,endpoints -o wide
NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/myapp1   1/1     Running   0          3m42s   10.244.2.13   node02   <none>           <none>
pod/myapp2   1/1     Running   0          3m42s   10.244.1.15   node01   <none>           <none>
pod/myapp3   1/1     Running   0          3m42s   10.244.2.14   node02   <none>           <none>

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE     SELECTOR
......
service/myapp        ClusterIP   10.96.138.13   <none>        80/TCP    3m42s   app=myapp

NAME                   ENDPOINTS                                      AGE
......
endpoints/myapp        10.244.1.15:80,10.244.2.13:80,10.244.2.14:80   3m42s
kubectl exec -it pod/myapp1 -- rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
readiness探测失败,Pod 无法进入READY状态,且端点控制器将从 endpoints 中剔除删除该 Pod  IP 地址

kubectl get pods,svc,endpoints -o wide
NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/myapp1   0/1     Running   0          5m17s   10.244.2.13   node02   <none>           <none>
pod/myapp2   1/1     Running   0          5m17s   10.244.1.15   node01   <none>           <none>
pod/myapp3   1/1     Running   0          5m17s   10.244.2.14   node02   <none>           <none>

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE     SELECTOR
......
service/myapp        ClusterIP   10.96.138.13   <none>        80/TCP    5m17s   app=myapp

NAME                   ENDPOINTS                       AGE
......
endpoints/myapp        10.244.1.15:80,10.244.2.14:80   5m17s
启动、退出动作
vim post.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: lifecycle-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: lifecycle-demo-container
    image: soscscs/myapp:v1
    lifecycle:   #此为关键字段
      postStart:
        exec:
          command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo Hello from the postStart handler >> /var/log/nginx/message"]      
      preStop:
        exec:
          command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo Hello from the poststop handler >> /var/log/nginx/message"]
    volumeMounts:
    - name: message-log
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx/
      readOnly: false
  initContainers:
  - name: init-myservice
    image: soscscs/myapp:v1
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo 'Hello initContainers'   >> /var/log/nginx/message"]
    volumeMounts:
    - name: message-log
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx/
      readOnly: false
  volumes:
  - name: message-log
    hostPath:
      path: /data/volumes/nginx/log/
      type: DirectoryOrCreate
kubectl create -f post.yaml

kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP            NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
lifecycle-demo   1/1     Running   0          2m8s   10.244.2.28   node02   <none>           <none>

kubectl exec -it lifecycle-demo -- cat /var/log/nginx/message
Hello initContainers
Hello from the postStart handler

 node02 节点上查看
[root@node02 ~]# cd /data/volumes/nginx/log/
[root@node02 log]# ls
access.log  error.log  message
[root@node02 log]# cat message 
Hello initContainers
Hello from the postStart handler
由上可知,init Container先执行,然后当一个主容器启动后,Kubernetes 将立即发送 postStart 事件。

删除 pod 后,再在 node02 节点上查看
kubectl delete pod lifecycle-demo

[root@node02 log]# cat message 
Hello initContainers
Hello from the postStart handler
Hello from the poststop handler

由上可知,当在容器被终结之前, Kubernetes 将发送一个 preStop 事件。
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