在生产环境下,在面临服务需要扩容的场景时,可以使用Deployment/RC的Scale机制来实现
Kubernetes支持对Pod的手动扩容和自动扩容。

手动扩容缩容

通过执行扩容命令,对某个deployment直接进行扩容:

# kubectl  scale deployment nginx-deployment --replicas=4

当要缩容,减少副本数量即可:

# kubectl  scale deployment nginx-deployment --replicas=2
自动扩容缩容

在使用自动化扩容和缩容,需要kubernetes安装heapster插件。
参考链接

按照说明,修改如下YAML文件中的image信息为国内可以访问的镜像仓库,然后执行:

[root@node-1 influxdb]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2288 Jun 21 20:23 grafana.yaml -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 264 Jun 21 20:24 heapster-rbac.yaml # 来源于上一级rbac目录 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1112 Jun 21 20:24 heapster.yaml -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 972 Jun 21 20:24 influxdb.yaml [root@node-1 influxdb]# kubectl create -f ./ 

安装完成之后,使用如下链接可以访问Grafana的web界面,查看资源使用情况:

https://10.0.0.1:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/http:monitoring-grafana:/proxy/

在kubernetes 1.11以后的版本中将不再使用heapster插件来监控资源的使用状态,而是使用metric server。

创建php-apche的deployment的应用和Service,当访问此应用时,返回“OK!”:

# cat php-apache.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: php-apache
  labels:
    app: php-apache
spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: php-apache template: metadata: name: php-apache labels: app: php-apache spec: containers: - name: php-apache image: mirrorgooglecontainers/hpa-example resources: requests: cpu: 200m ports: - containerPort: 80 # cat php-svc.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: php-apache spec: ports: - port: 80 selector: app: php-apache 

创建一个busybox的工具Pod,用于做压力测试:

# cat php-svc.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: php-apache
spec: ports: - port: 80 selector: app: php-apache 

创建完以上对象,还需要创建一个HPA控制器,用于监控对象的资源使用率:

kubectl autoscale deployment php-apache --min=1 --max=6 --cpu-percent=50 # 对php-apache的deployment的对象创建HPA控制器,当CPU的使率超过50%时实现自动化扩容,支持1到6之前Pod副本数量,以使得Pod CPU使用率维持在50% 以内。

查看当前hpa的状态,如果状态显示<unknown>,查看下文中的故障排查:

[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl  get hpa
NAME         REFERENCE               TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
php-apache   Deployment/php-apache   0%/50% 1 8 1 39m

登录busybox,执行循环访问命令,对php-apache进行压测:

# kubectl  exec -it busybox -- sh

/ # while true;do wget -q -O -  http://php-apache > /dev/null ;done

# 此处如果DNS没有正常工作将无法正常解析URL地址。 

查看资源监控信息:

[root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl  get hpa
NAME         REFERENCE               TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
php-apache   Deployment/php-apache   42%/50% 1 8 1 1h [root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl get hpa NAME REFERENCE TARGETS MINPODS MAXPODS REPLICAS AGE php-apache Deployment/php-apache 491%/50% 1 8 4 1h 

查看对应的对象创建情况,正在陆续创建:

[root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl  get deployment 
NAME         DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
php-apache   4         4 4 2 1h [root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl get rs NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE php-apache-56b5765b95 4 4 2 1h [root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE busybox 1/1 Running 0 36m php-apache-56b5765b95-8pclp 1/1 Running 0 1h php-apache-56b5765b95-gsvqk 1/1 Running 0 1m php-apache-56b5765b95-nbwbk 1/1 Running 0 1m php-apache-56b5765b95-zmc29 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 1m 

当CPU使用率下降后,自动缩容:

[root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl  get hpa
NAME         REFERENCE               TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
php-apache   Deployment/php-apache   0%/50% 1 8 1 1h [root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl get deployment NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE php-apache 1 1 1 1 1h [root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl get rs NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE php-apache-56b5765b95 1 1 1 1h [root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE busybox 1/1 Running 0 43m php-apache-56b5765b95-8pclp 1/1 Running 0 1h 
故障排查

如果设置hpa后,出现如下无法获取资源状态的情况:

[root@node-1 hpa-test]# kubectl  get  hpa
NAME         REFERENCE               TARGETS         MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
php-apache   Deployment/php-apache   <unknown>/50%   1 8 1 9m 

在master上修改kube-controller-manager的配置,添加如下参数:

cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
...

--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=false \
...


实例配置:

[root@pressure-master03 ~]# kubectl autoscale deployment  mall-audit-provider  -n x****ssure --min=1 --max=8 --cpu-percent=50
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/mall-audit-provider autoscaled
[root@pressure-master03 ~]# kubectl autoscale deployment  mall-basic-provider  -n x****sure --min=1 --max=8 --cpu-percent=50
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/mall-basic-provider autoscaled



[root@pressure-master03 ~]# kubectl get hpa  -n x*****ure
NAME                      REFERENCE                            TARGETS         MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
ma****-api              Deployment/mall-app-api              1%/50%          1         8         2          4m29s
mall****ovider       Deployment/mall-audit-provider       1%/50%          1         8         1          4m10s

  

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/weifeng1463/p/11282276.html

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