TLS证书生成

文章目录

简介

安全传输层协议（TLS）用于在两个通信应用程序之间提供保密性和数据完整性。
可以用Linux开源OpenSSL工具链或者CFSSL工具生成，本文采用后者。

工具下载

  • 参考链接
    GitHub地址: https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl
    下载地址:https://pkg.cfssl.org/

  • 下载安装

    wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl*
mv cfssl* /usr/local/bin

创建CA认证中心

CA证书申请文件

  • 生成CA证书申请文件
    # 生成签名申请模板文件
cfssl print-defaults csr > ca-csr.json 
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "ecdsa",
        "size": 256
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "ChengDu",
            "ST": "SiChuan"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
  • 名词解释
    CN，通用名称，kube-apiserver提取作为请求的用户名，浏览器用于验证网站是否合法；
algo，加密方式；
size，证书大小；
hosts，主机列表，如果不为空则指定授权使用该证书的IP或域名列表，必须包含服务器的本地主机名，`127.0.0.1`，主机私有IP地址；
C，国家；
L，城市；
O，单位，kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求用户所属的组 (Group)；
OU，部门；
ST，省份或州。

生成CA证书和私钥

  • 参考链接
    公钥基础设施(PKI)/CFSSL证书生成工具的使用：https://blog.51cto.com/liuzhengwei521/2120535?utm_source=oschina-app

  • 证书生成

    cfssl gencert --initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

  • 文件查看

    [root@master ssl]# ls ca*
ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem

  • 文件说明

      ca-csr.json，证书申请文件
  ca.csr， 证书签名请求，用于交叉签名或重新签名
  ca-key.pem， 私钥
  ca.pem， 证书

配置证书生成策略

  • 生成策略文件
     cfssl print-defaults config > ca-config.json # 生成证书策略模板文件
 cat > ca-config.json << EOF
	{
	    "signing": {
	        "default": {
	            "expiry": "8760h"
	        },
	        "profiles": {
	            "server": {
	                "expiry": "8760h",
	                "usages": [
	                    "signing",
	                    "key encipherment",
	                    "server auth"
	                ]
	            },
	            "client": {
	                "expiry": "8760h",
	                "usages": [
	                    "signing",
	                    "key encipherment",
	                    "client auth"
	                ]
	            },
	           "peer": {
	                "expiry": "8760h",
	                "usages": [
	                    "signing",
	                    "key encipherment",
	                    "server auth",
	                    "client auth"
	                ]
	            }
	        }
	    }
	}
EOF
  • 名词解释
        默认策略（default），指定了证书的有效期是一年(8760h)；
    expiry，证书的有效期；
    signing, 表示该证书可用于签名其它证书；生成的 ca.pem 证书中 CA=TRUE；
    server auth，表示 client 可以用该 CA 对 server 提供的证书进行验证；
    client auth，表示 server 可以用该 CA 对 client 提供的证书进行验证；
    profiles，定义具体证书生成策略，名称可以自定义，建议与功能相关；生成证书的时候用'--profile=名称'进行指定；
    服务端证书，profiles用途包含"server auth"；
    客户端证书，profiles用途包含"client auth"；
    对等证书或双向证书，profiles用途包含"server auth"和"client auth"。

证书验证

查看证书
[root@master ssl]# cat ca.pem 
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

[root@master ssl]# cat ca.csr 
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
MIH6MIGgAgEAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAkNOMRAwDgYDVQQIEwdTaUNodWFuMRAwDgYD
VQQHEwdDaGVuZ0R1MQswCQYDVQQDEwJDQTBZMBMGByqGSM49AgEGCCqGSM49AwEH
A0IABIWqo3mO/KpH+9aiBeSvA6SKUNB0rbFoc+AMPGItVDUehrpdfmDYJ8R6e5zT
VOofkVfU8fRYUYnWOs7SmMU2JTigADAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNJADBGAiEA/IB2yWKJ
iaTDra/lTNJhrIxWyBFXppSnW5c/+6zzej8CIQD8bHr12WgCi6+5yFYsfmW0lqnw
SF2hBGnGNV6H+QqItQ==
-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
验证证书

  • 验证工具

    • 使用cfssl-certinfo工具
    • 使用cfssl工具的certinfo命令

  • 证书文件验证

    [root@master ssl]# cfssl certinfo --cert=ca.pem
{
  "subject": {
    "common_name": "CA",
    "country": "CN",
    "locality": "ChengDu",
    "province": "SiChuan",
    "names": [
      "CN",
      "SiChuan",
      "ChengDu",
      "CA"
    ]
  },
  "issuer": {
    "common_name": "CA",
    "country": "CN",
    "locality": "ChengDu",
    "province": "SiChuan",
    "names": [
      "CN",
      "SiChuan",
      "ChengDu",
      "CA"
    ]
  },
  "serial_number": "279999443431677648568861906718192795627229850363",
  "not_before": "2019-08-08T02:45:00Z",
  "not_after": "2024-08-06T02:45:00Z",
  "sigalg": "ECDSAWithSHA256",
  "authority_key_id": "9A:C4:D5:3C:8E:3D:EE:52:AD:73:B9:E5:C8:EC:2:B2:F9:6F:49:6E",
  "subject_key_id": "9A:C4:D5:3C:8E:3D:EE:52:AD:73:B9:E5:C8:EC:2:B2:F9:6F:49:6E",
  "pem": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nHQ6JuhyBnGc=\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"
}

  • 签名请求验证

    [root@master ssl]# cfssl certinfo --csr=ca.csr 
{
  "Raw": "MIH6MIGgAgEAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAkNOMRAwDgYDVQQIEwdTaUNodWFuMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdDaGVuZ0R1MQswCQYDVQQDEwJDQTBZMBMGByqGSM49AgEGCCqGSM49AwEHA0IABIWqo3mO/KpH+9aiBeSvA6SKUNB0rbFoc+AMPGItVDUehrpdfmDYJ8R6e5zTVOofkVfU8fRYUYnWOs7SmMU2JTigADAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNJADBGAiEA/IB2yWKJiaTDra/lTNJhrIxWyBFXppSnW5c/+6zzej8CIQD8bHr12WgCi6+5yFYsfmW0lqnwSF2hBGnGNV6H+QqItQ==",
  "RawTBSCertificateRequest": "MIGgAgEAMD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAkNOMRAwDgYDVQQIEwdTaUNodWFuMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdDaGVuZ0R1MQswCQYDVQQDEwJDQTBZMBMGByqGSM49AgEGCCqGSM49AwEHA0IABIWqo3mO/KpH+9aiBeSvA6SKUNB0rbFoc+AMPGItVDUehrpdfmDYJ8R6e5zTVOofkVfU8fRYUYnWOs7SmMU2JTigAA==",
  "RawSubjectPublicKeyInfo": "MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEhaqjeY78qkf71qIF5K8DpIpQ0HStsWhz4Aw8Yi1UNR6Gul1+YNgnxHp7nNNU6h+RV9Tx9FhRidY6ztKYxTYlOA==",
  "RawSubject": "MD4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAkNOMRAwDgYDVQQIEwdTaUNodWFuMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdDaGVuZ0R1MQswCQYDVQQDEwJDQQ==",
  "Version": 0,
  "Signature": "MEYCIQD8gHbJYomJpMOtr+VM0mGsjFbIEVemlKdblz/7rPN6PwIhAPxsevXZaAKLr7nIVix+ZbSWqfBIXaEEacY1Xof5Coi1",
  "SignatureAlgorithm": 10,
  "PublicKeyAlgorithm": 3,
  "PublicKey": {
    "Curve": {
      "P": 115792089210356248762697446949407573530086143415290314195533631308867097853951,
      "N": 115792089210356248762697446949407573529996955224135760342422259061068512044369,
      "B": 41058363725152142129326129780047268409114441015993725554835256314039467401291,
      "Gx": 48439561293906451759052585252797914202762949526041747995844080717082404635286,
      "Gy": 36134250956749795798585127919587881956611106672985015071877198253568414405109,
      "BitSize": 256,
      "Name": "P-256"
    },
    "X": 60459101124453114412169204472882317150580566743432206744033219809896960374046,
    "Y": 60939200533768908260916548677280659025495043715626863501784250257417707070776
  },
  "Subject": {
    "Country": [
      "CN"
    ],
    "Organization": null,
    "OrganizationalUnit": null,
    "Locality": [
      "ChengDu"
    ],
    "Province": [
      "SiChuan"
    ],
    "StreetAddress": null,
    "PostalCode": null,
    "SerialNumber": "",
    "CommonName": "CA",
    "Names": [
      {
        "Type": [
          2,
          5,
          4,
          6
        ],
        "Value": "CN"
      },
      {
        "Type": [
          2,
          5,
          4,
          8
        ],
        "Value": "SiChuan"
      },
      {
        "Type": [
          2,
          5,
          4,
          7
        ],
        "Value": "ChengDu"
      },
      {
        "Type": [
          2,
          5,
          4,
          3
        ],
        "Value": "CA"
      }
    ],
    "ExtraNames": null
  },
  "Attributes": null,
  "Extensions": null,
  "ExtraExtensions": null,
  "DNSNames": null,
  "EmailAddresses": null,
  "IPAddresses": null
}

生成ETCD集群的TLS证书

服务端证书(etcd)

etcd 证书申请文件
cat > etcd-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
        192.168.159.3，
        192.168.159.4，
        192.168.159.5，
        127.0.0.1，
        localhost，
        localhost.localdomain
    ], 
    "key": {
        "algo": "ecdsa",
        "size": 256
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "ChengDu",
            "O": "JSQ",
            "OU": "devops",
            "ST": "SiChuan"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
利用CA证书和私钥生成ETCD的服务端证书和私钥
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=server etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
ls etcd*
>> etcd.csr  etcd-csr.json etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem

客户端证书(etcdctl)

etcdctl 证书申请文件
客户端证书在集群所有节点使用，所以不限定hosts列表。

cat > etcdctl-csr.json << EOF
    {
        "CN": "etcdctl",
        "key": {
            "algo": "ecdsa",
            "size": 256
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "L": "ChengDu",
                "O": "JSQ",
                "OU": "devops",
                "ST": "SiChuan"
            }
        ]
    }
EOF
利用CA证书和私钥生成ETCD的客户端证书和私钥
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=client etcdctl-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcdctl
ls etcdctl*
>> etcdctl.csr  etcdctl-csr.json  etcdctl-key.pem  etcdctl.pem

对等证书(peer)

peer 证书申请文件
cat > peer-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "peer",
    "hosts": [
        192.168.159.3，
        192.168.159.4，
        192.168.159.5，
        127.0.0.1，
        localhost，
        localhost.localdomain
    ], 
    "key": {
        "algo": "ecdsa",
        "size": 256
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "ChengDu",
            "O": "JSQ",
            "OU": "devops",
            "ST": "SiChuan"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
利用CA证书和私钥生成ETCD的对等证书和私钥
  cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=peer peer-csr.json | cfssljson -bare peer
  ls peer*
  >> peer.csr  peer-csr.json  peer-key.pem  peer.pem

证书验证

以peer为例，简述证书正确性验证
使用cfssl-certinfo工具验证证书
[root@master ssl]# cfssl-certinfo -cert peer.pem 
{
  "subject": {
    "common_name": "etcd",
    "country": "CN",
    "organization": "JSQ",
    "organizational_unit": "k8s",
    "locality": "ChengDu",
    "province": "SiChuan",
    "names": [
      "CN",
      "SiChuan",
      "ChengDu",
      "JSQ",
      "k8s",
      "etcd"
    ]
  },
  "issuer": {
    "common_name": "CA",
    "country": "CN",
    "locality": "ChengDu",
    "province": "SiChuan",
    "names": [
      "CN",
      "SiChuan",
      "ChengDu",
      "CA"
    ]
  },
  "serial_number": "141913582593314658055513454690348515362961414838",
  "sans": [
    "localhost",
    "localhost.localdomain",
    "192.168.159.3",
    "192.168.159.4",
    "192.168.159.5",
    "127.0.0.1"
  ],
  "not_before": "2019-08-08T02:46:00Z",
  "not_after": "2020-08-07T02:46:00Z",
  "sigalg": "ECDSAWithSHA256",
  "authority_key_id": "9A:C4:D5:3C:8E:3D:EE:52:AD:73:B9:E5:C8:EC:2:B2:F9:6F:49:6E",
  "subject_key_id": "FD:37:AA:5:1E:3E:B3:A1:C0:D9:4B:FE:6:6C:84:2B:4D:B4:A3:85",
  "pem": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nNPJk4wIhAP7rKyOEgHvxWQVmqQyvZOndTMV1jItox5//MucSFG/x\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"
}
  • 字段说明
issuer， 与CA证书申请文件内容相同；
subject，与peer证书申请文件内容相同；
pem， 证书内容，与`cat peer.pem`查看结果相同；
sans，与peer证书申请文件的hosts列表相同。
使用 openssl x509命令验证证书
[root@master ssl]# openssl x509 -text  -in peer.pem 
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            18:db:a0:08:9b:c5:97:13:46:fe:c5:a9:45:cc:8c:b4:3c:5c:da:b6
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
        Issuer: C=CN, ST=SiChuan, L=ChengDu, CN=CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug  8 02:46:00 2019 GMT
            Not After : Aug  7 02:46:00 2020 GMT
        Subject: C=CN, ST=SiChuan, L=ChengDu, O=JSQ, OU=k8s, CN=etcd
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                Public-Key: (256 bit)
                pub: 
                    04:98:d5:bd:44:40:bf:c8:14:d1:b3:39:eb:0c:d1:
                    bf:a3:75:80:e5:0f:30:b9:7e:57:97:8b:9b:e9:f9:
                    ef:b2:1a:29:8d:38:72:fc:51:95:c7:1a:78:eb:5f:
                    f0:c9:9f:34:9e:50:33:1e:6d:eb:2b:db:c1:b3:2e:
                    f7:42:71:dc:87
                ASN1 OID: prime256v1
                NIST CURVE: P-256
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Key Encipherment
            X509v3 Extended Key Usage: 
                TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:FALSE
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                FD:37:AA:05:1E:3E:B3:A1:C0:D9:4B:FE:06:6C:84:2B:4D:B4:A3:85
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:9A:C4:D5:3C:8E:3D:EE:52:AD:73:B9:E5:C8:EC:02:B2:F9:6F:49:6E

            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 
                DNS:localhost, DNS:localhost.localdomain, IP Address:192.168.159.3, IP Address:192.168.159.4, IP Address:192.168.159.5, IP Address:127.0.0.1
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
         30:46:02:21:00:9f:db:14:e9:df:a2:8a:9b:c9:c5:94:88:93:
         d7:26:93:9f:a0:0c:bd:7e:a4:d5:ec:44:0c:5e:b0:34:f2:64:
         e3:02:21:00:fe:eb:2b:23:84:80:7b:f1:59:05:66:a9:0c:af:
         64:e9:dd:4c:c5:75:8c:8b:68:c7:9f:ff:32:e7:12:14:6f:f1
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
  • 字段说明
Issuer， 与CA证书申请文件内容相同；
Subject，与peer证书申请文件内容相同；
DNS，与peer证书申请文件的hosts列表相同;
X509v3 extensions， 证书用途等信息，根据`--profile`指定策略相同
最后部分， 证书内容，与`cat peer.pem`查看结果相同；

至此ETCD安全集群的相关TLS证书制作完毕；
下一篇将介绍生产环境中如何将普通集群升级为使用TLS证书加密的安全集群。

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