Helm3 安装与使用

下载地址：https://github.com/helm/helm/releasestar xvf helm-v3.3.4-linux-amd64.tar.gzmv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/helm help#查看helm版本[root@k8s-master ~]# helm versionversion.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.3.4"

Real_cTo

1957人浏览 · 2020-12-04 15:09:18

Real_cTo · 2020-12-04 15:09:18 发布

下载地址：https://github.com/helm/helm/releases

tar xvf helm-v3.3.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/
helm help

#查看helm版本
[root@k8s-master ~]# helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.3.4", GitCommit:"a61ce5633af99708171414353ed49547cf05013d", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.14.9"}

helm completion

#helm 命令补全
yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(helm completion bash)

# 顺便补全kubectl。
source <(kubectl completion bash)

helm env

[root@k8s-master ~]# helm env
HELM_BIN="helm"
HELM_CACHE_HOME="/root/.cache/helm"
HELM_CONFIG_HOME="/root/.config/helm"
HELM_DATA_HOME="/root/.local/share/helm"
HELM_DEBUG="false"
HELM_KUBEAPISERVER=""
HELM_KUBECONTEXT=""
HELM_KUBETOKEN=""
HELM_NAMESPACE="default"
HELM_PLUGINS="/root/.local/share/helm/plugins"
HELM_REGISTRY_CONFIG="/root/.config/helm/registry.json"
HELM_REPOSITORY_CACHE="/root/.cache/helm/repository"
HELM_REPOSITORY_CONFIG="/root/.config/helm/repositories.yaml"

helm repo
Helm仓库管理

helm repo add   #增加仓库
#添加helm官方stable仓库
helm repo add stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
[root@k8s-master ~]# helm repo list  #查看仓库
NAME  	URL                                             
stable	https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com

#以下是几个常用仓库添加命令：
helm repo add incubator https://kubernetes-charts-incubator.storage.googleapis.com
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
helm repo add aliyuncs https://apphub.aliyuncs.com
helm repo add kong https://charts.konghq.com

helm repo remove  #删除本地仓库
helm repo update  #更新本地仓库

Helm v3本地增加的仓库列表存放在/root/.config/helm/repositories.yaml
仓库的Chart清单应该是存储在Kubernetes的etcd中，但在/root/.cache/helm/repository存储了备份

helm search
查询chart包，查询命令分为helm search hub和helm search repo。

helm search hub，只从Helm Hub中查找Chart，这些Chart来自于注册到Helm Hub中的各个仓库。

helm search repo，从所有加到本地的仓库中查找应用，这些仓库加到本地时Chart清单文件已被存放到Kubernetes中，所以查找应用时无需联网。

[root@k8s-master ~]# helm search hub jenkins
URL                                               	CHART VERSION      	APP VERSION  	DESCRIPTION                                       
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/jenkinsci/jenkins      	2.17.0             	lts          	Open source continuous integration server. It s...
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/bitnami/jenkins        	5.0.28             	2.249.3      	The leading open source automation server         
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/cloudposse/jenkins     	0.1.2              	             	A Jenkins Helm chart for Kubernetes               
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/educations/jenkins     	2.7.1              	lts          	Open source continuous integration server. It s...
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/codecentric/jenkins    	1.7.0              	2.222.3      	The leading open source automation server         
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/choerodon/jenkins      	0.1.0              	2.60.3-alpine	A Helm chart for Kubernetes                       
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/jenkins/jenkins-oper...	0.3.4              	0.4.0        	Kubernetes native operator which fully manages ...
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/cloudbees/cloudbees-...	2.235.203          	2.235.2.3    	CloudBees Jenkins Distribution provides develop...
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/odavid/my-bloody-jen...	0.1.138            	2.249.3-232  	A Helm chart for my-bloody-jenkins - a self con...
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/cloudbees/cloudbees-...	3.23.0+bbe45db86fa4	2.249.3.1    	Enterprise Continuous Integration with Jenkins    
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/webhookrelay-operato...	0.3.1              	0.5.1        	Webhook Relay Operator provides an easy way to ...
[root@k8s-master ~]# helm search repo jenkins
NAME                     	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                                       
aliyuncs/jenkins         	4.1.5        	2.204.2    	The leading open source automation server         
aliyuncs/jenkins-operator	0.3.0        	0.3.0      	A Helm chart for Kubernetes Jenkins Operator      
stable/jenkins           	2.5.4        	lts        	DEPRECATED - Open source continuous integration...

#查询所有chart版本
helm search repo nginx --versions
#查询某个范围的chart版本，3.3.0以上版本的jenkins
[root@k8s-master ~]# helm search repo jenkins --version '>=3.3.0' --versions
NAME            	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                              
aliyuncs/jenkins	4.1.5        	2.204.2    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	4.1.4        	2.204.2    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	4.1.1        	2.204.1    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	4.0.3        	2.190.2    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	3.4.9        	2.190.2    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	3.4.5        	2.190.1    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	3.4.4        	2.190.1    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	3.4.3        	2.190.1    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	3.4.1        	2.176.3    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	3.4.0        	2.176.3    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	3.3.4        	2.176.3    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	3.3.3        	2.176.3    	The leading open source automation server
aliyuncs/jenkins	3.3.1        	2.176.2    	The leading open source automation server

helm pull
将Chart包下载到本地，缺省下载的是最新的Chart版本，并且是tgz包。

[root@k8s-master ~]# helm search repo nginx
NAME                             	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION         	DESCRIPTION                                       
aliyuncs/nginx                   	5.1.5        	1.16.1              	Chart for the nginx server                        
aliyuncs/nginx-ingress           	1.30.3       	0.28.0              	An nginx Ingress controller that uses ConfigMap...
aliyuncs/nginx-ingress-controller	5.3.4        	0.29.0              	Chart for the nginx Ingress controller            
aliyuncs/nginx-lego              	0.3.1        	                    	Chart for nginx-ingress-controller and kube-lego  
aliyuncs/nginx-php               	1.0.0        	nginx-1.10.3_php-7.0	Chart for the nginx php server                    
bitnami/nginx                    	7.1.6        	1.19.4              	Chart for the nginx server                        

#下载nginx chart
helm pull aliyuncs/nginx
#下载指定版本
helm pull bitnami/tomcat --version 2.2.2
#下载chart后直接解压
helm pull bitnami/tomcat --untar
#下载到指定路径
helm pull stable/kong -d /root/helm/

helm install
安装chart实例，缺省安装最新Chart版本。

#其中myweb为Release名称，–set配置会覆盖Chart的values
helm install myweb nginx \
  --set service.type=NodePort

[root@k8s-master ~]# helm list
NAME 	NAMESPACE	REVISION	UPDATED                              	STATUS  	CHART      	APP VERSION
myweb	default  	1       	2020-11-10 01:53:25.7086594 -0500 EST	deployed	nginx-5.1.5	1.16.1

#安装特定版本的chart
helm install myweb bitnami/tomcat --version 6.0.0
#将chart安装到指定namespace下：
helm install myweb bitnami/tomcat -n web-ns

#–dry-run模拟安装应用，会输出每个模板生成的yaml内容，可查看将要部署的渲染后的yaml，检视这些输出，判断是否与预期相符
helm install cat tomcat --dry-run

其他常用命令

helm rollback       //回滚
helm get            //显示Release的各种信息。注意helm show命令是针对Chart的，helm get是针对Release的。
helm get values myweb  //显示release的用户提供的values
helm get values myweb -a  //显示所有的values

helm get manifest myweb   //显示Release的所有的Kubernetes资源清单，注释标明了该资源生成于那个模板yaml文件

helm get notes  myweb   //显示Release的说明文件NOTES.txt
helm get all  myweb     //显示Release的所有信息，包括基本信息、说明信息、hooks，values和Kubernetes资源清单

helm create      //创建一个模板Chart，会根据给定的Chart名称生成一个目录以及该Chart的一些样例文件

helm show chart
显示Chart.yaml信息，该文件描述了Chart的版本，描述，开发者等信息

[root@k8s-master ~]# helm show chart nginx
apiVersion: v1
appVersion: 1.16.1
description: Chart for the nginx server
home: http://www.nginx.org
icon: https://bitnami.com/assets/stacks/nginx/img/nginx-stack-220x234.png
keywords:
- nginx
- http
- web
- www
- reverse proxy
maintainers:
- email: containers@bitnami.com
  name: Bitnami
name: nginx
sources:
- https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-nginx
version: 5.1.5


#显示values.yaml信息，该文件描述了Chart模板中各个可以覆盖的参数，这些参数都可以在安装Chart时被命令行参数覆盖。
helm show values nginx
helm show all nginx   //通过一个命令显示Chart的所有信息，包括Chart.yaml, values.yaml和README.md

helm template

渲染Chart模板并打印输出，并不实际安装。和helm get manifest类似

helm template cat tomcat

helm dependency update
更新Chart申明的所有依赖符合要求的最新版本，更新的依赖的tgz包文件会放到charts路径下。更新之前会先更新所有的仓库。

helm lint
Helm运行一系列测试以验证Chart格式是否正确。如果遇到会导致Chart安装失败的事件，将发出[ERROR]消息。如果遇到违反约定或推荐的问题，将发出[WARNING]消息。

[root@k8s-master ~]# helm lint tomcat
==> Linting tomcat

1 chart(s) linted, 0 chart(s) failed

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