重点内容

首先先确认您的Hadoop版本与Hbase是否兼容，否则一切都是扯淡
各hbase版本对hadoop各版本的支持情况

之前以为单机式Hadoop不需要配置hbase.cluster.distributed，遂在hbase-site.xml中将其删除导致以下错误：

2016-08-15 23:20:36,028 ERROR [main] client.ConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation: The node /hbase-unsecure is not in ZooKeeper. It shoulne configured in the master.

或者

2016-08-15 22:53:06,127 ERROR [main] client.ConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation: The node /hbase is not in ZooKeeper. It should have been written by the master. Check the value configured in 'zookeeper.znode.parent'. There could be a mismatch with the one configured in the master.

解决方法：
将hbase-site.xml修改如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
/**
 *
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
-->
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>hbase.rootdir</name>
        <value>hdfs://hadoop.master:9000/hbase</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
        <value>/home/hadoop/zookeeper/data</value>
    </property>
**<property>  
    <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>  
    <value>true</value>  
  </property>**
    <property>
        <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort</name>
        <value>2181</value>
    </property>
     <property>
        <name>zookeeper.znode.parent</name>
        <value>/hbase-unsecure</value>
    </property>
    <property>
         <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
         <value>localhost</value>
    </property>
    <property>
         <name>dfs.replication</name>
         <value>1</value>
    </property>
    <property>
         <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
         <value>localhost</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hbase.master</name> 
        <value>hadoop.master:60000</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

重点内容
验证：
1.启动HBASE
2.JPS

[root@hadoop hbase]# bin/start-hbase.sh
starting master, logging to /usr/hbase/bin/../logs/hbase-root-master-hadoop.master.out
hadoop.master: starting regionserver, logging to /usr/hbase/bin/../logs/hbase-root-regionserver-hadoop.master.out
[root@hadoop hbase]# jps
26704 OperateTable
15185 ResourceManager
23522 QuorumPeerMain
14195 NameNode
14323 DataNode
15283 NodeManager
14486 SecondaryNameNode
26472 OperateTable
30730 Jps
18366 org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.3.200.v20160318-1642.jar
30446 HMaster