背景:

在互联网中,随着访问需求的不断扩大,单一的MVC架构已经不能满足用户的访问需求,这个时候就需要RPC分布式架构。

常见的RPC框架:

跨语言调用型:Apache的Thrift,Google的Grpc、微博开源的Motan。

服务治理型:淘宝的Dubbo(java)、Twitter的finagle(基于Scala语言)。

框架比较RPC比较

常见的RPC分布式框架架构:



RPC server(生产者)提供RPC服务,通过向Zookeeper中注入服务。zookeeper管理分布式服务,负责服务节点选取、Master节点选择、分布式一致性、注册功能。RPC client 作为消费者订阅RPC server服务,请求服务,zookeeper选取合适的节点响应client的请求。

根据已有的技术选型:

1 ,spring提供强大的依赖注入功能。

2 , Netty高性能的网络底层通信框架。

3 , zookeeper提供注册和一致性保障机制。

4 , protostuff 序列化和反序列化。

轻量级分布式框架:

1 , 编写server可提供的服务,暴露给client。

/**
 * 编写提供服务的接口。
 * @author pc
 *
 */
public interface HelloService {
	
	public String hello(Person person);
	
	public String hello(String name);
}

2 , 编写服务的实现类,为client提供的具体服务。

import com.nettyRpc.server.RpcService;
import com.nettyRpc.test.client.HelloService;
import com.nettyRpc.test.client.Person;

/**
 * server实现的服务。
 * @author pc
 * 因为类可能实现多个接口,因此需要指定远程接口。
 */
// 指定远程接口,表名@Component可被spring扫描。
@RpcService(HelloService.class)
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService{

	@Override
	public String hello(Person person) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return "hello" + person.getFirstName() + " " + person.getLastName();
	}

	@Override
	public String hello(String name) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return "hello" + name;
	}

}

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
 * 注解为component,component泛指组件,表示可被spring扫描。
 * @author pc
 * 
 */
// spring注解 , @Controller控制器,@Service标注业务层,@Repository标注数据访问层(Dao),@Component泛指组件。
// Target通过ElementType来指定注解可使用范围的枚举集合,TYPE 表示注解可使用与类、接口和枚举。
// JDK 注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
// @Retention用来告知编译程序如何处理注解,编译的时候将注解存入.class或者不在.class中。
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
// spring的注解
@Component
public @interface RpcService {

	Class<?> value();

}

实现的服务放入Server中,为server为client提供的服务。

3 , 配置服务器端。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 服务器配置文件 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
       
    <!-- component-scan spring 扫描component服务注解 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.nettyRpc.test.server" />
	<!-- rpc 配置文件 -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:rpc.properties"/>
	<!-- 配置服务器注册组件 -->
	<bean id="serviceRegistry" class="com.nettyRpc.registry.ServiceRegistry">
        <constructor-arg name="registryAddress" value="${registry.address}"/>
    </bean>
	<!-- 配置RPC服务器 -->
	<bean id="rpcServer" class="com.nettyRpc.registry.RpcServer">
		<constructor-arg name="serverAddress" value="${server.address}"/>
        <constructor-arg name="serviceRegistry" ref="serviceRegistry"/>
	</bean>
</beans>
#配置zookeeper服务器
registry.address=127.0.0.1:2181
registry.address=127.0.0.1:2182
registry.address=127.0.0.1:2183
#配置RPC服务器
server.address=127.0.0.1:18867

4 , 启动服务器,并发布服务。

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
 * 启动服务器,加载配置文件。
 * @author pc
 *
 */
public class RpcBootstrap {
	
	@SuppressWarnings("resource")
	public static void main(String[] args){
		new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("server-spring.xml");
	}
}


5 , 实现服务注册。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.ACL;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * 服务注册进入zookeeper
 * @author pc
 *
 */
public class ServiceRegistry {

	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceRegistry.class);
	
	private String registryAddress;
	// 添加监听注册事件。
	private CountDownLatch countDown = new CountDownLatch(1);
	
	public ServiceRegistry(String registryAddress){
		this.registryAddress = registryAddress;
	}
	
	// 注册服务。
	public void register(String data){
		if (data != null){
			ZooKeeper zk = connectZK();
			if (zk != null){
				AddRootNode(zk);
				createNode(zk , data);
			}
		}
	}
	
	// 连接zk。
	public ZooKeeper connectZK(){
		ZooKeeper zk = null;
		try {
			 zk = new ZooKeeper(this.registryAddress , Constant.ZK_SESSION_TIMEOUT , new Watcher(){
				// watcher 事件监听函数,成功Zk的时候调用process。
				@Override
				public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
					if (event.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected){
						countDown.countDown();
					}
				}
				
			});
			countDown.await();
			
		} catch (IOException e) {
			logger.error("注册没有成功:" + e);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			logger.error("注册被中断:" + e);
		}
		return zk;
	}
	
	// 添加根节点。
	public void AddRootNode(ZooKeeper zk ){
		try {
			Stat s = zk.exists(Constant.ZK_REGISTRY_PATH , false);
			if (s == null){
				zk.create(Constant.ZK_REGISTRY_PATH,new byte[0]
						, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
			}
		} catch (KeeperException e) {
			logger.error(e.toString());
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			logger.error(e.toString());
		}
	}
	
	//创建节点。
	public void createNode(ZooKeeper zk , String data){
		byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
			try {
				zk.create(Constant.ZK_DATA_PATH, bytes
						, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
			} catch (KeeperException e) {
				logger.error("添加节点:" + e.toString());
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				logger.error("添加节点" + e.toString());
			}
	}
}


6 , 实现RPC服务器。

客户端通过spring的ClassPathXmlApplicationContext()加载配置文件,spring bean的加载顺序:先构造函数——>然后是b的set方法注入——>InitializingBean   的afterPropertiesSet方法——>init-method方法。
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.collections4.MapUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;

import com.nettyRpc.protocol.RpcDecoder;
import com.nettyRpc.protocol.RpcEncoder;
import com.nettyRpc.protocol.RpcRequest;
import com.nettyRpc.protocol.RpcResponse;
import com.nettyRpc.registry.ServiceRegistry;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;

/**
 * Rpc服务器
 * @author pc
 *
 */
public class RpcServer implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean{
	// slf4j记录日志
	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RpcServer.class);
	
	private String serverAddress;
	private ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry;
	// 存放接口名与服务之间的映射。
	Map<String , Object> handlerMap = new HashMap<String , Object>();
	
	/*
	 * 和serviceRegistry一样通过rpc.properties初始化构造函数。
	 */
	public RpcServer(String serverAddress){
		this.serverAddress = serverAddress;
	}
	
	public RpcServer(String serverAddress , ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry){
		this.serverAddress = serverAddress;
		this.serviceRegistry = serviceRegistry;
	}
	/*
	 * 实现该接口的类,可以在spring容器初始化的时候调用setApplicationContext方法,会自动的将ApplicationContext注入进来:
	 * 从而获得ApplicationContext中的所有bean。
	 * spring 加载顺序:
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware#setApplicationContext(org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext)
	 */
	@Override
	public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext ctx) throws BeansException {
		// spring扫描指定标注接口,获取特定标注服务实现。
		Map<String , Object> beanMap = ctx.getBeansWithAnnotation(RpcService.class);
		if(MapUtils.isNotEmpty(beanMap)){
			for(Object bean : beanMap.values()){
				// 获取指定Annotation的class,将映射放入handlerMap中。
				String beanStr = bean.getClass().getAnnotation(RpcService.class).value().getName();
				handlerMap.put(beanStr, bean);
			}
		}
	}
	
	/*
	 * springFrame 定义的事件,在加载完配置文件的时候触发afterPropertiesSet(),
	 * afterPropertiesSet()表示在资源加载完以后,初始化bean之前执行的方法。
	 * setApplicationContext方法已经获取了需要的bean,afterPropertiesSet()需要加载服务器。
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()
	 */
	@Override
	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
		// 添加两个EventLoopGroup处理channel请求的事件,源码中是创建线程池。
		EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		try{
			ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
			// 添加group进入bootstrap中,bootstrap一般有两个EventLoop,一个为主线程,一个为子线程。
			//客户端与主线程建立连接,之后交给子线程处理连接请求。
			bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
			.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
			.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>(){

				@Override
				protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ctx) throws Exception {
					//添加handler ,按照长度获取帧,
					ctx.pipeline().addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(65536,0,4,0,0)
							, new RpcDecoder(RpcRequest.class)
							, new RpcEncoder(RpcResponse.class)
							, new  RpcHandler(handlerMap));
				}
			})
			.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
			.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
			String[] arr = this.serverAddress.split(":");
			String host = arr[0];
			int port = Integer.parseInt(arr[1]);
			ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(host, port).sync();
			if (serviceRegistry != null){
				serviceRegistry.register(serverAddress);
			}
			// 用户调用了closeFuture会阻塞用户主线程,子线程处理用户请求。
			future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		} catch(Exception e){ 
			logger.error(e.toString());
		} finally{
			// finally时,关闭group,group对应线程,所以需要关闭。
			workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
			bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		}
	}

}
对于request进行解码,ByteToMessageDecoder。
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * RPC Decoder
 * @author huangyong
 */
public class RpcDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {

    private Class<?> genericClass;

    public RpcDecoder(Class<?> genericClass) {
        this.genericClass = genericClass;
    }

    @Override
    public final void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
        if (in.readableBytes() < 4) {
            return;
        }
        in.markReaderIndex();
        int dataLength = in.readInt();
        /*if (dataLength <= 0) {
            ctx.close();
        }*/
        if (in.readableBytes() < dataLength) {
            in.resetReaderIndex();
            return;
        }
        byte[] data = new byte[dataLength];
        in.readBytes(data);

        Object obj = SerializationUtil.deserialize(data, genericClass);
        //Object obj = JsonUtil.deserialize(data,genericClass); // Not use this, have some bugs
        out.add(obj);
    }

}
对Response进行编码,MessageToByteEncoder。

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;

public class RpcEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder{

	private Class<?> genericClass;
	
	public RpcEncoder(Class<?> rpcResponse){
		this.genericClass = rpcResponse;
	}

	// 编码 object - > byte[]
	@Override
	protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
		if (genericClass.isInstance(msg)){
			byte[] data= SerializationUtil.serialize(msg);
			out.writeInt(data.length);
			out.writeBytes(data);
		}
	}

}
需要定义Request和Response的数据格式。
private String requestId;
    private String className;
    private String methodName;
    private Class<?>[] parameterTypes;
    private Object[] parameters;
private String requestId;
    private String error;
    private Object result;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.nettyRpc.protocol.RpcRequest;
import com.nettyRpc.protocol.RpcResponse;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

public class RpcHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<RpcRequest>{

	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RpcHandler.class);
	private final Map<String , Object> handlerMap;
	
	// RPCServer传入spring初始化的ServerBean,根据Map中的bean提供服务。
	public RpcHandler(Map<String , Object> handlerMap){
		this.handlerMap = handlerMap;
	}
	
	/*
	 * Request和 response不同于servlet中的request,response,tomcat中init的过程。
	 * @see io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler#channelRead0(io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext, java.lang.Object)
	 */
	@Override
	protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RpcRequest request) {
		RpcServer.submit(new Runnable(){

			@Override
			public void run() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				logger.debug("channelRead0 start :" + request.getRequestId());
				RpcResponse response = new RpcResponse();
				response.setRequestId(request.getRequestId());
				try{
					// 根据requestID、className、parameters 处理请求。
					Object object = handle(request);
					response.setResult(object);
				} catch(Throwable e){
					logger.error("channelRead0 is wrong." + e);
				}
				ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener(){

					@Override
					public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
						// TODO Auto-generated method stub
						logger.debug("send response for request :" + request.getRequestId());
					}
				}); 			
			}
		});
	}
	
	/*
	 * 根据请求的class和Method信息执行service。
	 */
	private Object handle(RpcRequest request) throws Throwable{
		
		String className = request.getClassName();
		Object serviceBean = handlerMap.get(className);
		Class<?> cls = serviceBean.getClass();
		String methodName = request.getMethodName();
		Class<?>[] parameterTypes = request.getParameterTypes();
		Object[] parameters = request.getParameters();
		
		Method method = cls.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
		return method.invoke(serviceBean, parameters);
	}

}

7 , 配置客户端。


8 , 实现服务发现。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import io.netty.util.internal.ThreadLocalRandom;

/**
 * 服务发现
 * @author pc
 *
 */
public class ServiceDiscovery {
	
	private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceDiscovery.class);
	private CountDownLatch countDown = new CountDownLatch(1);
	
	private String registryAddress;
	private ZooKeeper zk ;
	private List<String> dataList;

	public ServiceDiscovery(String registryAddress){
		this.registryAddress = registryAddress;
		zk = connectServer();
		if (zk != null){
			watchNode(zk);
		}
	}
	
	// 连接zk服务器。
	public ZooKeeper connectServer(){
		ZooKeeper zk = null;
			try {
				zk = new ZooKeeper(registryAddress, Constant.ZK_SESSION_TIMEOUT, new Watcher(){

					@Override
					public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
						if (event.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected){
							countDown.countDown();
						}
					}
					
				});
				countDown.await();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				logger.error("连接异常。" + e);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				logger.error("中断连接异常。" + e);
			}
		return zk;
	}
	
	public String discover(){
		String data = null;
		int size = dataList.size();
		if (size > 1){
			if (size == 1){
				data = dataList.get(0);
				logger.debug("使用唯一的服务" + data );
			} else {
				data = dataList.get(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(size));
				logger.debug("选取任意服务" + data);
			}
		}
		return data;
	}
	
	// 发现服务节点,将服务节点的数据存储在dataList中。
	public void watchNode(ZooKeeper zk){
		try {
			List<String> nodeList = zk.getChildren(Constant.ZK_REGISTRY_PATH, new Watcher(){

				@Override
				public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
					// 如果节点状态改变,则更新节点。
					if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.NodeChildrenChanged){
						watchNode(zk);
					}
				}
				
			});
			List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
			for(String node : nodeList){
				byte[] bytes = zk.getData(Constant.ZK_REGISTRY_PATH + "/" + node, false, null);
				dataList.add(new String(bytes));
			}
			logger.debug("node data" + dataList);
			this.dataList = dataList;
			UpdateConnectedServer();
		} catch (KeeperException e) {
			logger.error("保持连接异常。" + e);
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			
			logger.error("中断异常。" + e);
		}
	}
	
	public void UpdateConnectedServer(){
		
	}
	
	// 停止zookeeper。
	public void stop(){
		if (zk != null){
			try {
				zk.close();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				logger.error("关闭zk" + e);
			}
		}
	}
}


9 , 实现RPC代理。

10 , 发送RPC请求。




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