最新docker命令手册
Command LineNote: if you are using a remote Docker daemon, such as Boot2Docker, then do not type the sudobeforethe docker commands shown inthe documentation's examples.To list availabl
Command Line
Note: if you are using a remote Docker daemon, such as Boot2Docker, then do not type the
sudobefore thedockercommands shown in the documentation's examples.
To list available commands, either run docker with no parameters or execute docker help:
$ sudo docker
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
-H, --host=[]: The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode, specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd.
A self-sufficient runtime for Linux containers.
...Help
To list the help on any command just execute the command, followed by the --help option.
$ sudo docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR.
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
...Option types
Single character command line options can be combined, so rather than typing docker run -t -i --name test busybox sh, you can write docker run -ti --name test busybox sh.
Boolean
Boolean options take the form -d=false. The value you see in the help text is the default value which is set if you do not specify that flag. If you specify a Boolean flag without a value, this will set the flag to true, irrespective of the default value.
For example, running docker run -d will set the value to true, so your container will run in "detached" mode, in the background.
Options which default to true (e.g., docker build --rm=true) can only be set to the non-default value by explicitly setting them to false:
$ docker build --rm=false .Multi
Options like -a=[] indicate they can be specified multiple times:
$ sudo docker run -a stdin -a stdout -a stderr -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash Sometimes this can use a more complex value string, as for -v:
$ sudo docker run -v /host:/container example/mysqlStrings and Integers
Options like --name="" expect a string, and they can only be specified once. Options like -c=0 expect an integer, and they can only be specified once.
daemon
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
A self-sufficient runtime for linux containers.
Options:
--api-enable-cors=false Enable CORS headers in the remote API
-b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge
use 'none' to disable container networking
--bip="" Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge's IP, not compatible with -b
-D, --debug=false Enable debug mode
-d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode
--dns=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS servers
--dns-search=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains
-e, --exec-driver="native" Force the Docker runtime to use a specific exec driver
--fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (e.g.: 10.20.0.0/16)
this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or --bip)
--fixed-cidr-v6="" IPv6 subnet for global IPs (e.g.: 2a00:1450::/64)
-G, --group="docker" Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode
use '' (the empty string) to disable setting of a group
-g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Path to use as the root of the Docker runtime
-H, --host=[] The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode or connect to in client mode, specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd.
--icc=true Allow unrestricted inter-container and Docker daemon host communication
--insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure communication with specified registries (disables certificate verification for HTTPS and enables HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16)
--ip=0.0.0.0 Default IP address to use when binding container ports
--ip-forward=true Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward and IPv6 forwarding if --fixed-cidr-v6 is defined. IPv6 forwarding may interfere with your existing IPv6 configuration when using Router Advertisement.
--ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading for bridge's IP range
--iptables=true Enable Docker's addition of iptables rules
--ipv6=false Enable Docker IPv6 support
-l, --log-level="info" Set the logging level (debug, info, warn, error, fatal)
--label=[] Set key=value labels to the daemon (displayed in `docker info`)
--mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU
if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available
-p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file
--registry-mirror=[] Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror
-s, --storage-driver="" Force the Docker runtime to use a specific storage driver
--selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support. SELinux does not presently support the BTRFS storage driver
--storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options
--tls=false Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify flag
--tlscacert="/home/sven/.docker/ca.pem" Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here
--tlscert="/home/sven/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey="/home/sven/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon)
-v, --version=false Print version information and quitOptions with [] may be specified multiple times.
The Docker daemon is the persistent process that manages containers. Docker uses the same binary for both the daemon and client. To run the daemon you provide the -d flag.
To run the daemon with debug output, use docker -d -D.
Daemon socket option
The Docker daemon can listen for Docker Remote API requests via three different types of Socket: unix,tcp, and fd.
By default, a unix domain socket (or IPC socket) is created at /var/run/docker.sock, requiring eitherroot permission, or docker group membership.
If you need to access the Docker daemon remotely, you need to enable the tcp Socket. Beware that the default setup provides un-encrypted and un-authenticated direct access to the Docker daemon - and should be secured either using the built in HTTPS encrypted socket, or by putting a secure web proxy in front of it. You can listen on port 2375 on all network interfaces with -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375, or on a particular network interface using its IP address: -H tcp://192.168.59.103:2375. It is conventional to use port 2375for un-encrypted, and port 2376 for encrypted communication with the daemon.
Note If you're using an HTTPS encrypted socket, keep in mind that only TLS1.0 and greater are supported. Protocols SSLv3 and under are not supported anymore for security reasons.
On Systemd based systems, you can communicate with the daemon via Systemd socket activation, usedocker -d -H fd://. Using fd:// will work perfectly for most setups but you can also specify individual sockets: docker -d -H fd://3. If the specified socket activated files aren't found, then Docker will exit. You can find examples of using Systemd socket activation with Docker and Systemd in the Docker source tree.
You can configure the Docker daemon to listen to multiple sockets at the same time using multiple -Hoptions:
# listen using the default unix socket, and on 2 specific IP addresses on this host.
docker -d -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock -H tcp://192.168.59.106 -H tcp://10.10.10.2 The Docker client will honor the DOCKER_HOST environment variable to set the -H flag for the client.
$ sudo docker -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375 ps
# or
$ export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://0.0.0.0:2375"
$ sudo docker ps
# both are equal Setting the DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY environment variable to any value other than the empty string is equivalent to setting the --tlsverify flag. The following are equivalent:
$ sudo docker --tlsverify ps
# or
$ export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1
$ sudo docker ps The Docker client will honor the HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, and NO_PROXY environment variables (or the lowercase versions thereof). HTTPS_PROXY takes precedence over HTTP_PROXY. If you happen to have a proxy configured with the HTTP_PROXY or HTTPS_PROXY environment variables but still want to communicate with the Docker daemon over its default unix domain socket, setting the NO_PROXY environment variable to the path of the socket (/var/run/docker.sock) is required.
Daemon storage-driver option
The Docker daemon has support for several different image layer storage drivers: aufs, devicemapper,btrfs and overlay.
The aufs driver is the oldest, but is based on a Linux kernel patch-set that is unlikely to be merged into the main kernel. These are also known to cause some serious kernel crashes. However, aufs is also the only storage driver that allows containers to share executable and shared library memory, so is a useful choice when running thousands of containers with the same program or libraries.
The devicemapper driver uses thin provisioning and Copy on Write (CoW) snapshots. For each devicemapper graph location – typically /var/lib/docker/devicemapper – a thin pool is created based on two block devices, one for data and one for metadata. By default, these block devices are created automatically by using loopback mounts of automatically created sparse files. Refer to Storage driver options below for a way how to customize this setup. ~jpetazzo/Resizing Docker containers with the Device Mapper plugin article explains how to tune your existing setup without the use of options.
The btrfs driver is very fast for docker build - but like devicemapper does not share executable memory between devices. Use docker -d -s btrfs -g /mnt/btrfs_partition.
The overlay is a very fast union filesystem. It is now merged in the main Linux kernel as of 3.18.0. Calldocker -d -s overlay to use it.
Note: It is currently unsupported on
btrfsor any Copy on Write filesystem and should only be used overext4partitions.
Storage driver options
Particular storage-driver can be configured with options specified with --storage-opt flags. The only driver accepting options is devicemapper as of now. All its options are prefixed with dm.
Currently supported options are:
-
dm.basesizeSpecifies the size to use when creating the base device, which limits the size of images and containers. The default value is 10G. Note, thin devices are inherently "sparse", so a 10G device which is mostly empty doesn't use 10 GB of space on the pool. However, the filesystem will use more space for the empty case the larger the device is.
Warning: This value affects the system-wide "base" empty filesystem that may already be initialized and inherited by pulled images. Typically, a change to this value will require additional steps to take effect:
$ sudo service docker stop $ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker $ sudo service docker startExample use:
$ sudo docker -d --storage-opt dm.basesize=20G -
dm.loopdatasizeSpecifies the size to use when creating the loopback file for the "data" device which is used for the thin pool. The default size is 100G. Note that the file is sparse, so it will not initially take up this much space.
Example use:
$ sudo docker -d --storage-opt dm.loopdatasize=200G -
dm.loopmetadatasizeSpecifies the size to use when creating the loopback file for the "metadata" device which is used for the thin pool. The default size is 2G. Note that the file is sparse, so it will not initially take up this much space.
Example use:
$ sudo docker -d --storage-opt dm.loopmetadatasize=4G -
dm.fsSpecifies the filesystem type to use for the base device. The supported options are "ext4" and "xfs". The default is "ext4"
Example use:
$ sudo docker -d --storage-opt dm.fs=xfs -
dm.mkfsargSpecifies extra mkfs arguments to be used when creating the base device.
Example use:
$ sudo docker -d --storage-opt "dm.mkfsarg=-O ^has_journal" -
dm.mountoptSpecifies extra mount options used when mounting the thin devices.
Example use:
$ sudo docker -d --storage-opt dm.mountopt=nodiscard -
dm.datadevSpecifies a custom blockdevice to use for data for the thin pool.
If using a block device for device mapper storage, ideally both datadev and metadatadev should be specified to completely avoid using the loopback device.
Example use:
$ sudo docker -d \ --storage-opt dm.datadev=/dev/sdb1 \ --storage-opt dm.metadatadev=/dev/sdc1 -
dm.metadatadevSpecifies a custom blockdevice to use for metadata for the thin pool.
For best performance the metadata should be on a different spindle than the data, or even better on an SSD.
If setting up a new metadata pool it is required to be valid. This can be achieved by zeroing the first 4k to indicate empty metadata, like this:
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=$metadata_dev bs=4096 count=1Example use:
$ sudo docker -d \ --storage-opt dm.datadev=/dev/sdb1 \ --storage-opt dm.metadatadev=/dev/sdc1 -
dm.blocksizeSpecifies a custom blocksize to use for the thin pool. The default blocksize is 64K.
Example use:
$ sudo docker -d --storage-opt dm.blocksize=512K -
dm.blkdiscardEnables or disables the use of blkdiscard when removing devicemapper devices. This is enabled by default (only) if using loopback devices and is required to resparsify the loopback file on image/container removal.
Disabling this on loopback can lead to much faster container removal times, but will make the space used in
/var/lib/dockerdirectory not be returned to the system for other use when containers are removed.Example use:
$ sudo docker -d --storage-opt dm.blkdiscard=false
Docker exec-driver option
The Docker daemon uses a specifically built libcontainer execution driver as its interface to the Linux kernel namespaces, cgroups, and SELinux.
There is still legacy support for the original LXC userspace tools via the lxc execution driver, however, this is not where the primary development of new functionality is taking place. Add -e lxc to the daemon flags to use the lxc execution driver.
Daemon DNS options
To set the DNS server for all Docker containers, use docker -d --dns 8.8.8.8.
To set the DNS search domain for all Docker containers, use docker -d --dns-search example.com.
Insecure registries
Docker considers a private registry either secure or insecure. In the rest of this section, registry is used forprivate registry, and myregistry:5000 is a placeholder example for a private registry.
A secure registry uses TLS and a copy of its CA certificate is placed on the Docker host at/etc/docker/certs.d/myregistry:5000/ca.crt. An insecure registry is either not using TLS (i.e., listening on plain text HTTP), or is using TLS with a CA certificate not known by the Docker daemon. The latter can happen when the certificate was not found under /etc/docker/certs.d/myregistry:5000/, or if the certificate verification failed (i.e., wrong CA).
By default, Docker assumes all, but local (see local registries below), registries are secure. Communicating with an insecure registry is not possible if Docker assumes that registry is secure. In order to communicate with an insecure registry, the Docker daemon requires --insecure-registry in one of the following two forms:
--insecure-registry myregistry:5000tells the Docker daemon that myregistry:5000 should be considered insecure.--insecure-registry 10.1.0.0/16tells the Docker daemon that all registries whose domain resolve to an IP address is part of the subnet described by the CIDR syntax, should be considered insecure.
The flag can be used multiple times to allow multiple registries to be marked as insecure.
If an insecure registry is not marked as insecure, docker pull, docker push, and docker search will result in an error message prompting the user to either secure or pass the --insecure-registry flag to the Docker daemon as described above.
Local registries, whose IP address falls in the 127.0.0.0/8 range, are automatically marked as insecure as of Docker 1.3.2. It is not recommended to rely on this, as it may change in the future.
Running a Docker daemon behind a HTTPS_PROXY
When running inside a LAN that uses a HTTPS proxy, the Docker Hub certificates will be replaced by the proxy's certificates. These certificates need to be added to your Docker host's configuration:
- Install the
ca-certificatespackage for your distribution - Ask your network admin for the proxy's CA certificate and append them to
/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt - Then start your Docker daemon with
HTTPS_PROXY=http://username:password@proxy:port/ docker -d. Theusername:andpassword@are optional - and are only needed if your proxy is set up to require authentication.
This will only add the proxy and authentication to the Docker daemon's requests - your docker builds and running containers will need extra configuration to use the proxy
Miscellaneous options
IP masquerading uses address translation to allow containers without a public IP to talk to other machines on the Internet. This may interfere with some network topologies and can be disabled with --ip-masq=false.
Docker supports softlinks for the Docker data directory (/var/lib/docker) and for /var/lib/docker/tmp. The DOCKER_TMPDIR and the data directory can be set like this:
DOCKER_TMPDIR=/mnt/disk2/tmp /usr/local/bin/docker -d -D -g /var/lib/docker -H unix:// > /var/lib/boot2docker/docker.log 2>&1
# or
export DOCKER_TMPDIR=/mnt/disk2/tmp
/usr/local/bin/docker -d -D -g /var/lib/docker -H unix:// > /var/lib/boot2docker/docker.log 2>&1attach
Usage: docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Attach to a running container
--no-stdin=false Do not attach STDIN
--sig-proxy=true Proxy all received signals to the process (non-TTY mode only). SIGCHLD, SIGKILL, and SIGSTOP are not proxied. The docker attach command allows you to attach to a running container using the container's ID or name, either to view its ongoing output or to control it interactively. You can attach to the same contained process multiple times simultaneously, screen sharing style, or quickly view the progress of your daemonized process.
You can detach from the container (and leave it running) with CTRL-p CTRL-q (for a quiet exit) or CTRL-cwhich will send a SIGKILL to the container. When you are attached to a container, and exit its main process, the process's exit code will be returned to the client.
It is forbidden to redirect the standard input of a docker attach command while attaching to a tty-enabled container (i.e.: launched with -t).
Examples
$ sudo docker run -d --name topdemo ubuntu /usr/bin/top -b)
$ sudo docker attach topdemo
top - 02:05:52 up 3:05, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 373572k total, 355560k used, 18012k free, 27872k buffers
Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221740k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17200 1116 912 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
top - 02:05:55 up 3:05, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 373572k total, 355244k used, 18328k free, 27872k buffers
Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221776k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
top - 02:05:58 up 3:06, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 373572k total, 355780k used, 17792k free, 27880k buffers
Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221776k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
^C$
$ echo $?
0
$ docker ps -a | grep topdemo
7998ac8581f9 ubuntu:14.04 "/usr/bin/top -b" 38 seconds ago Exited (0) 21 seconds ago topdemo And in this second example, you can see the exit code returned by the bash process is returned by thedocker attach command to its caller too:
$ sudo docker run --name test -d -it debian
275c44472aebd77c926d4527885bb09f2f6db21d878c75f0a1c212c03d3bcfab
$ sudo docker attach test
$$ exit 13
exit
$ echo $?
13
$ sudo docker ps -a | grep test
275c44472aeb debian:7 "/bin/bash" 26 seconds ago Exited (13) 17 seconds ago testbuild
Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build a new image from the source code at PATH
--force-rm=false Always remove intermediate containers, even after unsuccessful builds
--no-cache=false Do not use cache when building the image
--pull=false Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
-q, --quiet=false Suppress the verbose output generated by the containers
--rm=true Remove intermediate containers after a successful build
-t, --tag="" Repository name (and optionally a tag) to be applied to the resulting image in case of successUse this command to build Docker images from a Dockerfile and a "context".
The files at PATH or URL are called the "context" of the build. The build process may refer to any of the files in the context, for example when using an ADD instruction. When a single Dockerfile is given as URL or is piped through STDIN (docker build - < Dockerfile), then no context is set.
When a Git repository is set as URL, then the repository is used as the context. The Git repository is cloned with its submodules (git clone -recursive). A fresh git clone occurs in a temporary directory on your local host, and then this is sent to the Docker daemon as the context. This way, your local user credentials and VPN's etc can be used to access private repositories.
If a file named .dockerignore exists in the root of PATH then it is interpreted as a newline-separated list of exclusion patterns. Exclusion patterns match files or directories relative to PATH that will be excluded from the context. Globbing is done using Go's filepath.Match rules.
Please note that .dockerignore files in other subdirectories are considered as normal files. Filepaths in .dockerignore are absolute with the current directory as the root. Wildcards are allowed but the search is not recursive.
Example .dockerignore file
*/temp*
*/*/temp*
temp? The first line above */temp*, would ignore all files with names starting with temp from any subdirectory below the root directory. For example, a file named /somedir/temporary.txt would be ignored. The second line */*/temp*, will ignore files starting with name temp from any subdirectory that is two levels below the root directory. For example, the file /somedir/subdir/temporary.txt would get ignored in this case. The last line in the above example temp? will ignore the files that match the pattern from the root directory. For example, the files tempa, tempb are ignored from the root directory. Currently there is no support for regular expressions. Formats like [^temp*] are ignored.
By default the docker build command will look for a Dockerfile at the root of the build context. The -f,--file, option lets you specify the path to an alternative file to use instead. This is useful in cases where the same set of files are used for multiple builds. The path must be to a file within the build context. If a relative path is specified then it must to be relative to the current directory.
See also:
Examples
$ sudo docker build .
Uploading context 10240 bytes
Step 1 : FROM busybox
Pulling repository busybox
---> e9aa60c60128MB/2.284 MB (100%) endpoint: https://cdn-registry-1.docker.io/v1/
Step 2 : RUN ls -lh /
---> Running in 9c9e81692ae9
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Mar 12 2013 bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4.0K Oct 19 00:19 dev
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Oct 19 00:19 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 15 23:34 lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 12 2013 lib64 -> lib
dr-xr-xr-x 116 root root 0 Nov 15 23:34 proc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 12 2013 sbin -> bin
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Nov 15 23:34 sys
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Mar 12 2013 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 15 23:34 usr
---> b35f4035db3f
Step 3 : CMD echo Hello world
---> Running in 02071fceb21b
---> f52f38b7823e
Successfully built f52f38b7823e
Removing intermediate container 9c9e81692ae9
Removing intermediate container 02071fceb21b This example specifies that the PATH is ., and so all the files in the local directory get tard and sent to the Docker daemon. The PATH specifies where to find the files for the "context" of the build on the Docker daemon. Remember that the daemon could be running on a remote machine and that no parsing of the Dockerfile happens at the client side (where you're running docker build). That means that all the files atPATH get sent, not just the ones listed to ADD in the Dockerfile.
The transfer of context from the local machine to the Docker daemon is what the docker client means when you see the "Sending build context" message.
If you wish to keep the intermediate containers after the build is complete, you must use --rm=false. This does not affect the build cache.
$ sudo docker build .
Uploading context 18.829 MB
Uploading context
Step 0 : FROM busybox
---> 769b9341d937
Step 1 : CMD echo Hello world
---> Using cache
---> 99cc1ad10469
Successfully built 99cc1ad10469
$ echo ".git" > .dockerignore
$ sudo docker build .
Uploading context 6.76 MB
Uploading context
Step 0 : FROM busybox
---> 769b9341d937
Step 1 : CMD echo Hello world
---> Using cache
---> 99cc1ad10469
Successfully built 99cc1ad10469 This example shows the use of the .dockerignore file to exclude the .git directory from the context. Its effect can be seen in the changed size of the uploaded context.
$ sudo docker build -t vieux/apache:2.0 . This will build like the previous example, but it will then tag the resulting image. The repository name will bevieux/apache and the tag will be 2.0
$ sudo docker build - < Dockerfile This will read a Dockerfile from STDIN without context. Due to the lack of a context, no contents of any local directory will be sent to the Docker daemon. Since there is no context, a Dockerfile ADD only works if it refers to a remote URL.
$ sudo docker build - < context.tar.gz This will build an image for a compressed context read from STDIN. Supported formats are: bzip2, gzip and xz.
$ sudo docker build github.com/creack/docker-firefox This will clone the GitHub repository and use the cloned repository as context. The Dockerfile at the root of the repository is used as Dockerfile. Note that you can specify an arbitrary Git repository by using thegit:// or git@ schema.
$ sudo docker build -f Dockerfile.debug . This will use a file called Dockerfile.debug for the build instructions instead of Dockerfile.
$ sudo docker build -f dockerfiles/Dockerfile.debug -t myapp_debug .
$ sudo docker build -f dockerfiles/Dockerfile.prod -t myapp_prod . The above commands will build the current build context (as specified by the .) twice, once using a debug version of a Dockerfile and once using a production version.
$ cd /home/me/myapp/some/dir/really/deep
$ sudo docker build -f /home/me/myapp/dockerfiles/debug /home/me/myapp
$ sudo docker build -f ../../../../dockerfiles/debug /home/me/myapp These two docker build commands do the exact same thing. They both use the contents of the debug file instead of looking for a Dockerfile and will use /home/me/myapp as the root of the build context. Note thatdebug is in the directory structure of the build context, regardless of how you refer to it on the command line.
Note:
docker buildwill return ano such file or directoryerror if the file or directory does not exist in the uploaded context. This may happen if there is no context, or if you specify a file that is elsewhere on the Host system. The context is limited to the current directory (and its children) for security reasons, and to ensure repeatable builds on remote Docker hosts. This is also the reason whyADD ../filewill not work.
commit
Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
-a, --author="" Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
-m, --message="" Commit message
-p, --pause=true Pause container during commitIt can be useful to commit a container's file changes or settings into a new image. This allows you debug a container by running an interactive shell, or to export a working dataset to another server. Generally, it is better to use Dockerfiles to manage your images in a documented and maintainable way.
By default, the container being committed and its processes will be paused while the image is committed. This reduces the likelihood of encountering data corruption during the process of creating the commit. If this behavior is undesired, set the 'p' option to false.
Commit an existing container
$ sudo docker ps
ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS
c3f279d17e0a ubuntu:12.04 /bin/bash 7 days ago Up 25 hours
197387f1b436 ubuntu:12.04 /bin/bash 7 days ago Up 25 hours
$ sudo docker commit c3f279d17e0a SvenDowideit/testimage:version3
f5283438590d
$ sudo docker images | head
REPOSITORY TAG ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
SvenDowideit/testimage version3 f5283438590d 16 seconds ago 335.7 MBcp
Copy files/folders from a container's filesystem to the host path. Paths are relative to the root of the filesystem.
Usage: docker cp CONTAINER:PATH HOSTPATH
Copy files/folders from the PATH to the HOSTPATHcreate
Creates a new container.
Usage: docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Create a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR.
--add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
--cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file
--cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc:rwm)
--dns=[] Set custom DNS servers
--dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains (Use --dns-search=. if you don't wish to set the search domain)
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables
--entrypoint="" Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
--env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of environment variables
--expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports (e.g. --expose=3300-3310) from the container without publishing it to your host
-h, --hostname="" Container host name
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--ipc="" Default is to create a private IPC namespace (POSIX SysV IPC) for the container
'container:<name|id>': reuses another container shared memory, semaphores and message queues
'host': use the host shared memory,semaphores and message queues inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local shared memory and is therefore considered insecure.
--link=[] Add link to another container in the form of <name or id>:alias
--lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1"
-m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g)
--mac-address="" Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
--name="" Assign a name to the container
--net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container
'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge
'none': no networking for this container
'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack
'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to random ports on the host interfaces
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port, or a range of ports (e.g., `-p 3300-3310`), to the host
format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort | containerPort
Both hostPort and containerPort can be specified as a range of ports.
When specifying ranges for both, the number of container ports in the range must match the number of host ports in the range. (e.g., `-p 1234-1236:1234-1236/tcp`)
(use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping)
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container
--read-only=false Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always)
--security-opt=[] Security Options
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user="" Username or UID
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from Docker: -v /container)
--volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container The docker create command creates a writeable container layer over the specified image and prepares it for running the specified command. The container ID is then printed to STDOUT. This is similar to docker run -d except the container is never started. You can then use the docker start <container_id> command to start the container at any point.
This is useful when you want to set up a container configuration ahead of time so that it is ready to start when you need it.
Please see the run command section for more details.
Examples
$ sudo docker create -t -i fedora bash
6d8af538ec541dd581ebc2a24153a28329acb5268abe5ef868c1f1a261221752
$ sudo docker start -a -i 6d8af538ec5
bash-4.2# As of v1.4.0 container volumes are initialized during the docker create phase (i.e., docker run too). For example, this allows you to create the data volume container, and then use it from another container:
$ docker create -v /data --name data ubuntu
240633dfbb98128fa77473d3d9018f6123b99c454b3251427ae190a7d951ad57
$ docker run --rm --volumes-from data ubuntu ls -la /data
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 5 04:10 .
drwxr-xr-x 48 root root 4096 Dec 5 04:11 .. Similarly, create a host directory bind mounted volume container, which can then be used from the subsequent container:
$ docker create -v /home/docker:/docker --name docker ubuntu
9aa88c08f319cd1e4515c3c46b0de7cc9aa75e878357b1e96f91e2c773029f03
$ docker run --rm --volumes-from docker ubuntu ls -la /docker
total 20
drwxr-sr-x 5 1000 staff 180 Dec 5 04:00 .
drwxr-xr-x 48 root root 4096 Dec 5 04:13 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 1000 staff 3833 Dec 5 04:01 .ash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 staff 446 Nov 28 11:51 .ashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 staff 25 Dec 5 04:00 .gitconfig
drwxr-sr-x 3 1000 staff 60 Dec 1 03:28 .local
-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 staff 920 Nov 28 11:51 .profile
drwx--S--- 2 1000 staff 460 Dec 5 00:51 .ssh
drwxr-xr-x 32 1000 staff 1140 Dec 5 04:01 dockerdiff
List the changed files and directories in a container᾿s filesystem
Usage: docker diff CONTAINER
Inspect changes on a container's filesystem There are 3 events that are listed in the diff:
A- AddD- DeleteC- Change
For example:
$ sudo docker diff 7bb0e258aefe
C /dev
A /dev/kmsg
C /etc
A /etc/mtab
A /go
A /go/src
A /go/src/github.com
A /go/src/github.com/docker
A /go/src/github.com/docker/docker
A /go/src/github.com/docker/docker/.git
....events
Usage: docker events [OPTIONS]
Get real time events from the server
-f, --filter=[] Provide filter values (i.e., 'event=stop')
--since="" Show all events created since timestamp
--until="" Stream events until this timestampDocker containers will report the following events:
create, destroy, die, export, kill, oom, pause, restart, start, stop, unpauseand Docker images will report:
untag, deleteFiltering
The filtering flag (-f or --filter) format is of "key=value". If you would like to use multiple filters, pass multiple flags (e.g., --filter "foo=bar" --filter "bif=baz")
Using the same filter multiple times will be handled as a OR; for example --filter container=588a23dac085 --filter container=a8f7720b8c22 will display events for container 588a23dac085 OR container a8f7720b8c22
Using multiple filters will be handled as a AND; for example --filter container=588a23dac085 --filter event=start will display events for container container 588a23dac085 AND the event type is start
Current filters: * event * image * container
Examples
You'll need two shells for this example.
Shell 1: Listening for events:
$ sudo docker eventsShell 2: Start and Stop containers:
$ sudo docker start 4386fb97867d
$ sudo docker stop 4386fb97867d
$ sudo docker stop 7805c1d35632Shell 1: (Again .. now showing events):
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) start
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stopShow events in the past from a specified time:
$ sudo docker events --since 1378216169
2014-03-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die
2014-03-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop
$ sudo docker events --since '2013-09-03'
2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) start
2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die
2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop
$ sudo docker events --since '2013-09-03T15:49:29'
2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die
2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stopFilter events:
$ sudo docker events --filter 'event=stop'
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop
2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop
$ sudo docker events --filter 'image=ubuntu-1:14.04'
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) start
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop
$ sudo docker events --filter 'container=7805c1d35632'
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die
2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop
$ sudo docker events --filter 'container=7805c1d35632' --filter 'container=4386fb97867d'
2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die
2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop
$ sudo docker events --filter 'container=7805c1d35632' --filter 'event=stop'
2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stopexec
Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
Run a command in a running container
-d, --detach=false Detached mode: run command in the background
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY The docker exec command runs a new command in a running container.
The command started using docker exec will only run while the container's primary process (PID 1) is running, and will not be restarted if the container is restarted.
If the container is paused, then the docker exec command will fail with an error:
$ docker pause test
test
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1ae3b36715d2 ubuntu:latest "bash" 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds (Paused) test
$ docker exec test ls
FATA[0000] Error response from daemon: Container test is paused, unpause the container before exec
$ echo $?
1Examples
$ sudo docker run --name ubuntu_bash --rm -i -t ubuntu bash This will create a container named ubuntu_bash and start a Bash session.
$ sudo docker exec -d ubuntu_bash touch /tmp/execWorks This will create a new file /tmp/execWorks inside the running container ubuntu_bash, in the background.
$ sudo docker exec -it ubuntu_bash bash This will create a new Bash session in the container ubuntu_bash.
export
Usage: docker export CONTAINER
Export the contents of a filesystem as a tar archive to STDOUTFor example:
$ sudo docker export red_panda > latest.tarNote:
docker exportdoes not export the contents of volumes associated with the container. If a volume is mounted on top of an existing directory in the container,docker exportwill export the contents of the underlying directory, not the contents of the volume.Refer to Backup, restore, or migrate data volumes in the user guide for examples on exporting data in a volume.
history
Usage: docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
Show the history of an image
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs To see how the docker:latest image was built:
$ sudo docker history docker
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE
3e23a5875458790b7a806f95f7ec0d0b2a5c1659bfc899c89f939f6d5b8f7094 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 0 B
8578938dd17054dce7993d21de79e96a037400e8d28e15e7290fea4f65128a36 8 days ago /bin/sh -c dpkg-reconfigure locales && locale-gen C.UTF-8 && /usr/sbin/update-locale LANG=C.UTF-8 1.245 MB
be51b77efb42f67a5e96437b3e102f81e0a1399038f77bf28cea0ed23a65cf60 8 days ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y git libxml2-dev python build-essential make gcc python-dev locales python-pip 338.3 MB
4b137612be55ca69776c7f30c2d2dd0aa2e7d72059820abf3e25b629f887a084 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD jessie.tar.xz in / 121 MB
750d58736b4b6cc0f9a9abe8f258cef269e3e9dceced1146503522be9f985ada 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Tianon Gravi <admwiggin@gmail.com> - mkimage-debootstrap.sh -t jessie.tar.xz jessie http://http.debian.net/debian 0 B
511136ea3c5a64f264b78b5433614aec563103b4d4702f3ba7d4d2698e22c158 9 months ago 0 Bimages
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY]
List images
-a, --all=false Show all images (by default filter out the intermediate image layers)
-f, --filter=[] Provide filter values (i.e., 'dangling=true')
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs The default docker images will show all top level images, their repository and tags, and their virtual size.
Docker images have intermediate layers that increase reusability, decrease disk usage, and speed up docker build by allowing each step to be cached. These intermediate layers are not shown by default.
The VIRTUAL SIZE is the cumulative space taken up by the image and all its parent images. This is also the disk space used by the contents of the Tar file created when you docker save an image.
An image will be listed more than once if it has multiple repository names or tags. This single image (identifiable by its matching IMAGE ID) uses up the VIRTUAL SIZE listed only once.
Listing the most recently created images
$ sudo docker images | head
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
<none> <none> 77af4d6b9913 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
committ latest b6fa739cedf5 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 78a85c484f71 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
docker latest 30557a29d5ab 20 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 5ed6274db6ce 24 hours ago 1.089 GB
postgres 9 746b819f315e 4 days ago 213.4 MB
postgres 9.3 746b819f315e 4 days ago 213.4 MB
postgres 9.3.5 746b819f315e 4 days ago 213.4 MB
postgres latest 746b819f315e 4 days ago 213.4 MBListing the full length image IDs
$ sudo docker images --no-trunc | head
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
<none> <none> 77af4d6b9913e693e8d0b4b294fa62ade6054e6b2f1ffb617ac955dd63fb0182 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
committest latest b6fa739cedf5ea12a620a439402b6004d057da800f91c7524b5086a5e4749c9f 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 78a85c484f71509adeaace20e72e941f6bdd2b25b4c75da8693efd9f61a37921 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
docker latest 30557a29d5abc51e5f1d5b472e79b7e296f595abcf19fe6b9199dbbc809c6ff4 20 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 0124422dd9f9cf7ef15c0617cda3931ee68346455441d66ab8bdc5b05e9fdce5 20 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 18ad6fad340262ac2a636efd98a6d1f0ea775ae3d45240d3418466495a19a81b 22 hours ago 1.082 GB
<none> <none> f9f1e26352f0a3ba6a0ff68167559f64f3e21ff7ada60366e2d44a04befd1d3a 23 hours ago 1.089 GB
tryout latest 2629d1fa0b81b222fca63371ca16cbf6a0772d07759ff80e8d1369b926940074 23 hours ago 131.5 MB
<none> <none> 5ed6274db6ceb2397844896966ea239290555e74ef307030ebb01ff91b1914df 24 hours ago 1.089 GBFiltering
The filtering flag (-f or --filter) format is of "key=value". If there is more than one filter, then pass multiple flags (e.g., --filter "foo=bar" --filter "bif=baz")
Current filters: * dangling (boolean - true or false)
Untagged images
$ sudo docker images --filter "dangling=true"
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
<none> <none> 8abc22fbb042 4 weeks ago 0 B
<none> <none> 48e5f45168b9 4 weeks ago 2.489 MB
<none> <none> bf747efa0e2f 4 weeks ago 0 B
<none> <none> 980fe10e5736 12 weeks ago 101.4 MB
<none> <none> dea752e4e117 12 weeks ago 101.4 MB
<none> <none> 511136ea3c5a 8 months ago 0 B This will display untagged images, that are the leaves of the images tree (not intermediary layers). These images occur when a new build of an image takes the repo:tag away from the image ID, leaving it untagged. A warning will be issued if trying to remove an image when a container is presently using it. By having this flag it allows for batch cleanup.
Ready for use by docker rmi ..., like:
$ sudo docker rmi $(sudo docker images -f "dangling=true" -q)
8abc22fbb042
48e5f45168b9
bf747efa0e2f
980fe10e5736
dea752e4e117
511136ea3c5aNOTE: Docker will warn you if any containers exist that are using these untagged images.
import
Usage: docker import URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create an empty filesystem image and import the contents of the tarball (.tar, .tar.gz, .tgz, .bzip, .tar.xz, .txz) into it, then optionally tag it. URLs must start with http and point to a single file archive (.tar, .tar.gz, .tgz, .bzip, .tar.xz, or .txz) containing a root filesystem. If you would like to import from a local directory or archive, you can use the -parameter to take the data from STDIN.
Examples
Import from a remote location:
This will create a new untagged image.
$ sudo docker import http://example.com/exampleimage.tgzImport from a local file:
Import to docker via pipe and STDIN.
$ cat exampleimage.tgz | sudo docker import - exampleimagelocal:newImport from a local directory:
$ sudo tar -c . | sudo docker import - exampleimagedir Note the sudo in this example – you must preserve the ownership of the files (especially root ownership) during the archiving with tar. If you are not root (or the sudo command) when you tar, then the ownerships might not get preserved.
info
Usage: docker info
Display system-wide informationFor example:
$ sudo docker -D info
Containers: 14
Images: 52
Storage Driver: aufs
Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Dirs: 545
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Kernel Version: 3.13.0-24-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
CPUs: 1
Name: prod-server-42
ID: 7TRN:IPZB:QYBB:VPBQ:UMPP:KARE:6ZNR:XE6T:7EWV:PKF4:ZOJD:TPYS
Total Memory: 2 GiB
Debug mode (server): false
Debug mode (client): true
Fds: 10
Goroutines: 9
EventsListeners: 0
Init Path: /usr/bin/docker
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Username: svendowideit
Registry: [https://index.docker.io/v1/]
Labels:
storage=ssd The global -D option tells all docker commands to output debug information.
When sending issue reports, please use docker version and docker -D info to ensure we know how your setup is configured.
inspect
Usage: docker inspect [OPTIONS] CONTAINER|IMAGE [CONTAINER|IMAGE...]
Return low-level information on a container or image
-f, --format="" Format the output using the given go template.By default, this will render all results in a JSON array. If a format is specified, the given template will be executed for each result.
Go's text/template package describes all the details of the format.
Examples
Get an instance's IP address:
For the most part, you can pick out any field from the JSON in a fairly straightforward manner.
$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' $INSTANCE_IDGet an instance's MAC Address:
For the most part, you can pick out any field from the JSON in a fairly straightforward manner.
$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}' $INSTANCE_IDList All Port Bindings:
One can loop over arrays and maps in the results to produce simple text output:
$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}} {{$p}} -> {{(index $conf 0).HostPort}} {{end}}' $INSTANCE_IDFind a Specific Port Mapping:
The .Field syntax doesn't work when the field name begins with a number, but the template language'sindex function does. The .NetworkSettings.Ports section contains a map of the internal port mappings to a list of external address/port objects, so to grab just the numeric public port, you use index to find the specific port map, and then index 0 contains the first object inside of that. Then we ask for the HostPortfield to get the public address.
$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{(index (index .NetworkSettings.Ports "8787/tcp") 0).HostPort}}' $INSTANCE_IDGet config:
The .Field syntax doesn't work when the field contains JSON data, but the template language's customjson function does. The .config section contains complex JSON object, so to grab it as JSON, you usejson to convert the configuration object into JSON.
$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{json .config}}' $INSTANCE_IDkill
Usage: docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Kill a running container using SIGKILL or a specified signal
-s, --signal="KILL" Signal to send to the container The main process inside the container will be sent SIGKILL, or any signal specified with option --signal.
load
Usage: docker load [OPTIONS]
Load an image from a tar archive on STDIN
-i, --input="" Read from a tar archive file, instead of STDINLoads a tarred repository from a file or the standard input stream. Restores both images and tags.
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
$ sudo docker load < busybox.tar
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
busybox latest 769b9341d937 7 weeks ago 2.489 MB
$ sudo docker load --input fedora.tar
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
busybox latest 769b9341d937 7 weeks ago 2.489 MB
fedora rawhide 0d20aec6529d 7 weeks ago 387 MB
fedora 20 58394af37342 7 weeks ago 385.5 MB
fedora heisenbug 58394af37342 7 weeks ago 385.5 MB
fedora latest 58394af37342 7 weeks ago 385.5 MBlogin
Usage: docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
Register or log in to a Docker registry server, if no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default.
-e, --email="" Email
-p, --password="" Password
-u, --username="" UsernameIf you want to login to a self-hosted registry you can specify this by adding the server name.
example:
$ sudo docker login localhost:8080logout
Usage: docker logout [SERVER]
Log out from a Docker registry, if no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default.For example:
$ sudo docker logout localhost:8080logs
Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
-f, --follow=false Follow log output
-t, --timestamps=false Show timestamps
--tail="all" Output the specified number of lines at the end of logs (defaults to all logs) The docker logs command batch-retrieves logs present at the time of execution.
The docker logs --follow command will continue streaming the new output from the container's STDOUTand STDERR.
Passing a negative number or a non-integer to --tail is invalid and the value is set to all in that case. This behavior may change in the future.
The docker logs --timestamp commands will add an RFC3339Nano timestamp, for example 2014-09-16T06:17:46.000000000Z, to each log entry. To ensure that the timestamps for are aligned the nano-second part of the timestamp will be padded with zero when necessary.
pause
Usage: docker pause CONTAINER
Pause all processes within a container The docker pause command uses the cgroups freezer to suspend all processes in a container. Traditionally, when suspending a process the SIGSTOP signal is used, which is observable by the process being suspended. With the cgroups freezer the process is unaware, and unable to capture, that it is being suspended, and subsequently resumed.
See the cgroups freezer documentation for further details.
port
Usage: docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]
List port mappings for the CONTAINER, or lookup the public-facing port that is NAT-ed to the PRIVATE_PORT You can find out all the ports mapped by not specifying a PRIVATE_PORT, or just a specific mapping:
$ sudo docker ps test
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b650456536c7 busybox:latest top 54 minutes ago Up 54 minutes 0.0.0.0:1234->9876/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4321->7890/tcp test
$ sudo docker port test
7890/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:4321
9876/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:1234
$ sudo docker port test 7890/tcp
0.0.0.0:4321
$ sudo docker port test 7890/udp
2014/06/24 11:53:36 Error: No public port '7890/udp' published for test
$ sudo docker port test 7890
0.0.0.0:4321pause
Usage: docker pause CONTAINER
Pause all processes within a container The docker pause command uses the cgroups freezer to suspend all processes in a container. Traditionally when suspending a process the SIGSTOP signal is used, which is observable by the process being suspended. With the cgroups freezer the process is unaware, and unable to capture, that it is being suspended, and subsequently resumed.
See the cgroups freezer documentation for further details.
rename
Usage: docker rename OLD_NAME NEW_NAME
rename a existing container to a NEW_NAME The docker rename command allows the container to be renamed to a different name.
ps
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
-a, --all=false Show all containers. Only running containers are shown by default.
--before="" Show only container created before Id or Name, include non-running ones.
-f, --filter=[] Provide filter values. Valid filters:
exited=<int> - containers with exit code of <int>
status=(restarting|running|paused|exited)
-l, --latest=false Show only the latest created container, include non-running ones.
-n=-1 Show n last created containers, include non-running ones.
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only display numeric IDs
-s, --size=false Display total file sizes
--since="" Show only containers created since Id or Name, include non-running ones. Running docker ps --no-trunc showing 2 linked containers.
$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f7ee772232194fcc088c6bdec6ea09f7b3f6c54d53934658164b8602d7cd4744 ubuntu:12.04 bash 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds webapp
d0963715a061c7c7b7cc80b2646da913a959fbf13e80a971d4a60f6997a2f595 crosbymichael/redis:latest /redis-server --dir 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes 6379/tcp redis,webapp/db docker ps will show only running containers by default. To see all containers: docker ps -a
Filtering
The filtering flag (-f or --filter) format is a key=value pair. If there is more than one filter, then pass multiple flags (e.g. --filter "foo=bar" --filter "bif=baz")
Current filters: * exited (int - the code of exited containers. Only useful with '--all') * status (restarting|running|paused|exited)
Successfully exited containers
$ sudo docker ps -a --filter 'exited=0'
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ea09c3c82f6e registry:latest /srv/run.sh 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago 127.0.0.1:5000->5000/tcp desperate_leakey
106ea823fe4e fedora:latest /bin/sh -c 'bash -l' 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago determined_albattani
48ee228c9464 fedora:20 bash 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago tender_torvaldsThis shows all the containers that have exited with status of '0'
pull
Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
Pull an image or a repository from the registry
-a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repositoryMost of your images will be created on top of a base image from the Docker Hub registry.
Docker Hub contains many pre-built images that you can pull and try without needing to define and configure your own.
It is also possible to manually specify the path of a registry to pull from. For example, if you have set up a local registry, you can specify its path to pull from it. A repository path is similar to a URL, but does not contain a protocol specifier (https://, for example).
To download a particular image, or set of images (i.e., a repository), use docker pull:
$ sudo docker pull debian
# will pull the debian:latest image, its intermediate layers
# and any aliases of the same id
$ sudo docker pull debian:testing
# will pull the image named debian:testing and any intermediate
# layers it is based on.
# (Typically the empty `scratch` image, a MAINTAINER layer,
# and the un-tarred base).
$ sudo docker pull --all-tags centos
# will pull all the images from the centos repository
$ sudo docker pull registry.hub.docker.com/debian
# manually specifies the path to the default Docker registry. This could
# be replaced with the path to a local registry to pull from another source.push
Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG]
Push an image or a repository to the registry Use docker push to share your images to the Docker Hub registry or to a self-hosted one.
restart
Usage: docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Restart a running container
-t, --time=10 Number of seconds to try to stop for before killing the container. Once killed it will then be restarted. Default is 10 seconds.rm
Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Remove one or more containers
-f, --force=false Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
-l, --link=false Remove the specified link and not the underlying container
-v, --volumes=false Remove the volumes associated with the containerExamples
$ sudo docker rm /redis
/redis This will remove the container referenced under the link /redis.
$ sudo docker rm --link /webapp/redis
/webapp/redis This will remove the underlying link between /webapp and the /redis containers removing all network communication.
$ sudo docker rm --force redis
redis The main process inside the container referenced under the link /redis will receive SIGKILL, then the container will be removed.
This command will delete all stopped containers. The command docker ps -a -q will return all existing container IDs and pass them to the rm command which will delete them. Any running containers will not be deleted.
rmi
Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Remove one or more images
-f, --force=false Force removal of the image
--no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parentsRemoving tagged images
Images can be removed either by their short or long IDs, or their image names. If an image has more than one name, each of them needs to be removed before the image is removed.
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test1 latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB)
test latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB)
test2 latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB)
$ sudo docker rmi fd484f19954f
Error: Conflict, cannot delete image fd484f19954f because it is tagged in multiple repositories
2013/12/11 05:47:16 Error: failed to remove one or more images
$ sudo docker rmi test1
Untagged: fd484f19954f4920da7ff372b5067f5b7ddb2fd3830cecd17b96ea9e286ba5b8
$ sudo docker rmi test2
Untagged: fd484f19954f4920da7ff372b5067f5b7ddb2fd3830cecd17b96ea9e286ba5b8
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB)
$ sudo docker rmi test
Untagged: fd484f19954f4920da7ff372b5067f5b7ddb2fd3830cecd17b96ea9e286ba5b8
Deleted: fd484f19954f4920da7ff372b5067f5b7ddb2fd3830cecd17b96ea9e286ba5b8run
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR.
--add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
--cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file
--cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach=false Detached mode: run the container in the background and print the new container ID
--device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc:rwm)
--dns=[] Set custom DNS servers
--dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains (Use --dns-search=. if you don't wish to set the search domain)
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables
--entrypoint="" Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
--env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of environment variables
--expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports (e.g. --expose=3300-3310) from the container without publishing it to your host
-h, --hostname="" Container host name
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--ipc="" Default is to create a private IPC namespace (POSIX SysV IPC) for the container
'container:<name|id>': reuses another container shared memory, semaphores and message queues
'host': use the host shared memory,semaphores and message queues inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local shared memory and is therefore considered insecure.
--link=[] Add link to another container in the form of name:alias
--lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1"
-m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g)
-memory-swap="" Total memory usage (memory + swap), set '-1' to disable swap (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g)
--mac-address="" Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
--name="" Assign a name to the container
--net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container
'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge
'none': no networking for this container
'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack
'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to random ports on the host interfaces
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host
format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort | containerPort
Both hostPort and containerPort can be specified as a range of ports.
When specifying ranges for both, the number of container ports in the range must match the number of host ports in the range. (e.g., `-p 1234-1236:1234-1236/tcp`)
(use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping)
--pid=host 'host': use the host PID namespace inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container
--read-only=false Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always)
--rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d)
--security-opt=[] Security Options
--sig-proxy=true Proxy received signals to the process (non-TTY mode only). SIGCHLD, SIGSTOP, and SIGKILL are not proxied.
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user="" Username or UID
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from Docker: -v /container)
--volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container The docker run command first creates a writeable container layer over the specified image, and thenstarts it using the specified command. That is, docker run is equivalent to the API /containers/createthen /containers/(id)/start. A stopped container can be restarted with all its previous changes intact using docker start. See docker ps -a to view a list of all containers.
There is detailed information about docker run in the Docker run reference.
The docker run command can be used in combination with docker commit to change the command that a container runs.
See the Docker User Guide for more detailed information about the --expose, -p, -P and --linkparameters, and linking containers.
Examples
$ sudo docker run --name test -it debian
$$ exit 13
exit
$ echo $?
13
$ sudo docker ps -a | grep test
275c44472aeb debian:7 "/bin/bash" 26 seconds ago Exited (13) 17 seconds ago test In this example, we are running bash interactively in the debian:latest image, and giving the container the name test. We then quit bash by running exit 13, which means bash will have an exit code of 13. This is then passed on to the caller of docker run, and is recorded in the test container metadata.
$ sudo docker run --cidfile /tmp/docker_test.cid ubuntu echo "test" This will create a container and print test to the console. The cidfile flag makes Docker attempt to create a new file and write the container ID to it. If the file exists already, Docker will return an error. Docker will close this file when docker run exits.
$ sudo docker run -t -i --rm ubuntu bash
root@bc338942ef20:/# mount -t tmpfs none /mnt
mount: permission denied This will not work, because by default, most potentially dangerous kernel capabilities are dropped; includingcap_sys_admin (which is required to mount filesystems). However, the --privileged flag will allow it to run:
$ sudo docker run --privileged ubuntu bash
root@50e3f57e16e6:/# mount -t tmpfs none /mnt
root@50e3f57e16e6:/# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
none 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /mnt The --privileged flag gives all capabilities to the container, and it also lifts all the limitations enforced by thedevice cgroup controller. In other words, the container can then do almost everything that the host can do. This flag exists to allow special use-cases, like running Docker within Docker.
$ sudo docker run -w /path/to/dir/ -i -t ubuntu pwd The -w lets the command being executed inside directory given, here /path/to/dir/. If the path does not exists it is created inside the container.
$ sudo docker run -v `pwd`:`pwd` -w `pwd` -i -t ubuntu pwd The -v flag mounts the current working directory into the container. The -w lets the command being executed inside the current working directory, by changing into the directory to the value returned by pwd. So this combination executes the command using the container, but inside the current working directory.
$ sudo docker run -v /doesnt/exist:/foo -w /foo -i -t ubuntu bash When the host directory of a bind-mounted volume doesn't exist, Docker will automatically create this directory on the host for you. In the example above, Docker will create the /doesnt/exist folder before starting your container.
$ sudo docker run --read-only -v /icanwrite busybox touch /icanwrite here Volumes can be used in combination with --read-only to control where a container writes files. The --read-only flag mounts the container's root filesystem as read only prohibiting writes to locations other than the specified volumes for the container.
$ sudo docker run -t -i -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v ./static-docker:/usr/bin/docker busybox shBy bind-mounting the docker unix socket and statically linked docker binary (such as that provided byhttps://get.docker.com), you give the container the full access to create and manipulate the host's Docker daemon.
$ sudo docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:8080 ubuntu bash This binds port 8080 of the container to port 80 on 127.0.0.1 of the host machine. The Docker User Guide explains in detail how to manipulate ports in Docker.
$ sudo docker run --expose 80 ubuntu bash This exposes port 80 of the container for use within a link without publishing the port to the host system's interfaces. The Docker User Guide explains in detail how to manipulate ports in Docker.
$ sudo docker run -e MYVAR1 --env MYVAR2=foo --env-file ./env.list ubuntu bash This sets environmental variables in the container. For illustration all three flags are shown here. Where -e,--env take an environment variable and value, or if no = is provided, then that variable's current value is passed through (i.e. $MYVAR1 from the host is set to $MYVAR1 in the container). When no = is provided and that variable is not defined in the client's environment then that variable will be removed from the container's list of environment variables. All three flags, -e, --env and --env-file can be repeated.
Regardless of the order of these three flags, the --env-file are processed first, and then -e, --envflags. This way, the -e or --env will override variables as needed.
$ cat ./env.list
TEST_FOO=BAR
$ sudo docker run --env TEST_FOO="This is a test" --env-file ./env.list busybox env | grep TEST_FOO
TEST_FOO=This is a test The --env-file flag takes a filename as an argument and expects each line to be in the VAR=VAL format, mimicking the argument passed to --env. Comment lines need only be prefixed with #
An example of a file passed with --env-file
$ cat ./env.list
TEST_FOO=BAR
# this is a comment
TEST_APP_DEST_HOST=10.10.0.127
TEST_APP_DEST_PORT=8888
# pass through this variable from the caller
TEST_PASSTHROUGH
$ sudo TEST_PASSTHROUGH=howdy docker run --env-file ./env.list busybox env
HOME=/
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=5198e0745561
TEST_FOO=BAR
TEST_APP_DEST_HOST=10.10.0.127
TEST_APP_DEST_PORT=8888
TEST_PASSTHROUGH=howdy
$ sudo docker run --name console -t -i ubuntu bash This will create and run a new container with the container name being console.
$ sudo docker run --link /redis:redis --name console ubuntu bash The --link flag will link the container named /redis into the newly created container with the aliasredis. The new container can access the network and environment of the redis container via environment variables. The --name flag will assign the name console to the newly created container.
$ sudo docker run --volumes-from 777f7dc92da7 --volumes-from ba8c0c54f0f2:ro -i -t ubuntu pwd The --volumes-from flag mounts all the defined volumes from the referenced containers. Containers can be specified by repetitions of the --volumes-from argument. The container ID may be optionally suffixed with:ro or :rw to mount the volumes in read-only or read-write mode, respectively. By default, the volumes are mounted in the same mode (read write or read only) as the reference container.
The -a flag tells docker run to bind to the container's STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR. This makes it possible to manipulate the output and input as needed.
$ echo "test" | sudo docker run -i -a stdin ubuntu cat - This pipes data into a container and prints the container's ID by attaching only to the container's STDIN.
$ sudo docker run -a stderr ubuntu echo test This isn't going to print anything unless there's an error because we've only attached to the STDERR of the container. The container's logs still store what's been written to STDERR and STDOUT.
$ cat somefile | sudo docker run -i -a stdin mybuilder dobuild This is how piping a file into a container could be done for a build. The container's ID will be printed after the build is done and the build logs could be retrieved using docker logs. This is useful if you need to pipe a file or something else into a container and retrieve the container's ID once the container has finished running.
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc --device=/dev/sdd --device=/dev/zero:/dev/nulo -i -t ubuntu ls -l /dev/{xvdc,sdd,nulo} brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 Feb 9 16:05 /dev/xvdc brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 3 Feb 9 16:05 /dev/sdd crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 Feb 9 16:05 /dev/nulo
It is often necessary to directly expose devices to a container. The --device option enables that. For example, a specific block storage device or loop device or audio device can be added to an otherwise unprivileged container (without the --privileged flag) and have the application directly access it.
By default, the container will be able to read, write and mknod these devices. This can be overridden using a third :rwm set of options to each --device flag:
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc
Command (m for help): q
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc:r --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc
You will not be able to write the partition table.
Command (m for help): q
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc
Command (m for help): q
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc:m --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc
fdisk: unable to open /dev/xvdc: Operation not permittedNote:
--devicecannot be safely used with ephemeral devices. Block devices that may be removed should not be added to untrusted containers with--device.
A complete example:
$ sudo docker run -d --name static static-web-files sh
$ sudo docker run -d --expose=8098 --name riak riakserver
$ sudo docker run -d -m 100m -e DEVELOPMENT=1 -e BRANCH=example-code -v $(pwd):/app/bin:ro --name app appserver
$ sudo docker run -d -p 1443:443 --dns=10.0.0.1 --dns-search=dev.org -v /var/log/httpd --volumes-from static --link riak --link app -h www.sven.dev.org --name web webserver
$ sudo docker run -t -i --rm --volumes-from web -w /var/log/httpd busybox tail -f access.logThis example shows five containers that might be set up to test a web application change:
- Start a pre-prepared volume image
static-web-files(in the background) that has CSS, image and static HTML in it, (with aVOLUMEinstruction in the Dockerfile to allow the web server to use those files); - Start a pre-prepared
riakserverimage, give the container nameriakand expose port8098to any containers that link to it; - Start the
appserverimage, restricting its memory usage to 100MB, setting two environment variablesDEVELOPMENTandBRANCHand bind-mounting the current directory ($(pwd)) in the container in read-only mode as/app/bin; - Start the
webserver, mapping port443in the container to port1443on the Docker server, setting the DNS server to10.0.0.1and DNS search domain todev.org, creating a volume to put the log files into (so we can access it from another container), then importing the files from the volume exposed by thestaticcontainer, and linking to all exposed ports fromriakandapp. Lastly, we set the hostname toweb.sven.dev.orgso its consistent with the pre-generated SSL certificate; - Finally, we create a container that runs
tail -f access.logusing the logs volume from thewebcontainer, setting the workdir to/var/log/httpd. The--rmoption means that when the container exits, the container's layer is removed.
Restart Policies
Using the --restart flag on Docker run you can specify a restart policy for how a container should or should not be restarted on exit.
An ever increasing delay (double the previous delay, starting at 100 milliseconds) is added before each restart to prevent flooding the server. This means the daemaon will wait for 100 mS, then 200 mS, 400, 800, 1600, and so on until either the on-failure limit is hit, or when you docker stop or even docker rm -fthe container.
When a restart policy is active on a container, it will be shown in docker ps as either Up or Restarting indocker ps. It can also be useful to use docker events to see the restart policy in effect.
no - Do not restart the container when it exits.
on-failure - Restart the container only if it exits with a non zero exit status.
always - Always restart the container regardless of the exit status.
You can also specify the maximum amount of times Docker will try to restart the container when using the on-failure policy. The default is that Docker will try forever to restart the container.
$ sudo docker run --restart=always redis This will run the redis container with a restart policy of always so that if the container exits, Docker will restart it.
$ sudo docker run --restart=on-failure:10 redis This will run the redis container with a restart policy of on-failure and a maximum restart count of 10. If theredis container exits with a non-zero exit status more than 10 times in a row Docker will abort trying to restart the container. Providing a maximum restart limit is only valid for the on-failure policy.
Adding entries to a container hosts file
You can add other hosts into a container's /etc/hosts file by using one or more --add-host flags. This example adds a static address for a host named docker:
$ docker run --add-host=docker:10.180.0.1 --rm -it debian
$$ ping docker
PING docker (10.180.0.1): 48 data bytes
56 bytes from 10.180.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=7.600 ms
56 bytes from 10.180.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=30.705 ms
^C--- docker ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 7.600/19.152/30.705/11.553 msNote: Sometimes you need to connect to the Docker host, which means getting the IP address of the host. You can use the following shell commands to simplify this process:
$ alias hostip="ip route show 0.0.0.0/0 | grep -Eo 'via \S+' | awk '{ print \$2 }'" $ docker run --add-host=docker:$(hostip) --rm -it debian
save
Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Save an image(s) to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
-o, --output="" Write to a file, instead of STDOUT Produces a tarred repository to the standard output stream. Contains all parent layers, and all tags + versions, or specified repo:tag, for each argument provided.
It is used to create a backup that can then be used with docker load
$ sudo docker save busybox > busybox.tar
$ ls -sh busybox.tar
2.7M busybox.tar
$ sudo docker save --output busybox.tar busybox
$ ls -sh busybox.tar
2.7M busybox.tar
$ sudo docker save -o fedora-all.tar fedora
$ sudo docker save -o fedora-latest.tar fedora:latestIt is even useful to cherry-pick particular tags of an image repository
$ sudo docker save -o ubuntu.tar ubuntu:lucid ubuntu:saucy
search
Search Docker Hub for images
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search the Docker Hub for images
--automated=false Only show automated builds
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least x starsSee Find Public Images on Docker Hub for more details on finding shared images from the command line.
Note: Search queries will only return up to 25 results
start
Usage: docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Restart a stopped container
-a, --attach=false Attach container's STDOUT and STDERR and forward all signals to the process
-i, --interactive=false Attach container's STDINstats
Usage: docker stats CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Display a live stream of one or more containers' resource usage statistics
--help=false Print usageNote: this functionality currently only works when using the libcontainer exec-driver.
Running docker stats on multiple containers
$ sudo docker stats redis1 redis2
CONTAINER CPU % MEM USAGE/LIMIT MEM % NET I/O
redis1 0.07% 796 KiB/64 MiB 1.21% 788 B/648 B
redis2 0.07% 2.746 MiB/64 MiB 4.29% 1.266 KiB/648 B The docker stats command will only return a live stream of data for running containers. Stopped containers will not return any data.
Note: If you want more detailed information about a container's resource usage, use the API endpoint.
stop
Usage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Stop a running container by sending SIGTERM and then SIGKILL after a grace period
-t, --time=10 Number of seconds to wait for the container to stop before killing it. Default is 10 seconds. The main process inside the container will receive SIGTERM, and after a grace period, SIGKILL.
tag
Usage: docker tag [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]
Tag an image into a repository
-f, --force=false ForceYou can group your images together using names and tags, and then upload them to Share Images via Repositories.
top
Usage: docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]
Display the running processes of a containerunpause
Usage: docker unpause CONTAINER
Unpause all processes within a container The docker unpause command uses the cgroups freezer to un-suspend all processes in a container.
See the cgroups freezer documentation for further details.
version
Usage: docker version
Show the Docker version information.Show the Docker version, API version, Git commit, and Go version of both Docker client and daemon.
wait
Usage: docker wait CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Block until a container stops, then print its exit code.
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