ESP32-S3 SD卡
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ESP32-S3 SD卡
SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)和 QSPI(Quad Serial Peripheral Interface)是两种常用的串行通信协议,主要用于微控制器与外围设备(如闪存、传感器等)之间的数据传输。好在ESP32 S3 既支持 SPI 又支持 QSPI,开发者仅需要根据需求定制总线。
接下来跟随博主汇总简表格看看具体差异。
| 类别 | SPI | QSPI |
|---|---|---|
| 通信线路与速度 | 使用4条基本线路(SCLK、MOSI、MISO、SS),数据通过单线(MOSI/MISO)传输,理论速度为全双工。 | 扩展为4条数据线(IO0-IO3),支持单线、双线或四线模式,传输速度显著提升(理论上可达SPI的4倍)。 |
| 数据传输模式 | 仅支持标准全双工或半双工模式,数据逐位传输。 | 支持四线同时传输(Quad Mode),还支持命令、地址和数据的灵活配置(如仅用单线发命令,四线传数据)。 |
| 应用场景 | 适用于低速外设(如传感器、ADC/DAC),协议简单,资源占用少。 | 常见于高速存储设备(如NOR Flash),需更高带宽的场景。 |
| 硬件复杂度 | 接口简单,主从设备均易实现。 | 需硬件支持多线模式,控制器设计更复杂,但可减少引脚占用(如地址和数据复用引脚)。 |
| 协议灵活性 | 固定帧格式(通常8/16位),需手动管理片选(SS)信号。 | 支持内存映射模式(直接通过地址访问外设),自动化程度更高。 |
点击 牛瘪汤 主页可以了解更多。
提示: QSPI模式 需要SD卡支持QSPI总线(大多数现代SDHC/SDXC卡支持)。
1. 核查硬件原理图
1.1 SPI 模式连接 SDcard

标准SPI使用3线(MOSI/MISO/SCK)。如果SPI总线只挂载 SDcard 可以省略 CS 信号线。
供电 3.3V。SD_DEP 是 TF 卡连接检测,根据是实际情况连接走线。
1.2 QSPI 模式连接 SDcard

相比SPI模式,QSPI需要额外DATA1-3引脚。其它信号线与SPI模式相同。
2. SPI 模式读写测试
废话不多说,先看 SPI模式下 SDcard 读写测试代码。
/*
* pin 1 - not used | Micro SD card |
* pin 2 - CS (SS) | /
* pin 3 - DI (MOSI) | |__
* pin 4 - VDD (3.3V) | |
* pin 5 - SCK (SCLK) | 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 /
* pin 6 - VSS (GND) | ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ /
* pin 7 - DO (MISO) | ▀ ▀ █ ▀ █ ▀ ▀ ▀ |
* pin 8 - not used |_________________|
* ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║
* ╔═══════╝ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═════════╗
* ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚══════╗ ║
* ║ ╔═════╝ ║ ║ ║ ╚═════╗ ║ ║
* Connections for ║ ║ ╔═══╩═║═║═══╗ ║ ║ ║
* full-sized ║ ║ ║ ╔═╝ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║
* SD card ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║
* Pin name | - DO VSS SCK VDD VSS DI CS - |
* SD pin number | 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 /
* | █/
* |__▍___▊___█___█___█___█___█___█___/
*
* Note: The SPI pins can be manually configured by using `SPI.begin(sck, miso, mosi, cs).`
* Alternatively, you can change the CS pin and use the other default settings by using `SD.begin(cs)`.
*
* +--------------+---------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
* | SPI Pin Name | ESP8266 | ESP32 | ESP32‑S2 | ESP32‑S3 | ESP32‑C3 | ESP32‑C6 | ESP32‑H2 |
* +==============+=========+=======+==========+==========+==========+==========+==========+
* | CS (SS) | GPIO15 | GPIO5 | GPIO34 | GPIO10 | GPIO7 | GPIO18 | GPIO0 |
* +--------------+---------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
* | DI (MOSI) | GPIO13 | GPIO23| GPIO35 | GPIO11 | GPIO6 | GPIO19 | GPIO25 |
* +--------------+---------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
* | DO (MISO) | GPIO12 | GPIO19| GPIO37 | GPIO13 | GPIO5 | GPIO20 | GPIO11 |
* +--------------+---------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
* | SCK (SCLK) | GPIO14 | GPIO18| GPIO36 | GPIO12 | GPIO4 | GPIO21 | GPIO10 |
* +--------------+---------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
*
* For more info see file README.md in this library or on URL:
* https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/tree/master/libraries/SD
*/
#include "FS.h"
#include "SD.h"
#include "SPI.h"
/*
Uncomment and set up if you want to use custom pins for the SPI communication
#define REASSIGN_PINS
int sck = -1;
int miso = -1;
int mosi = -1;
int cs = -1;
*/
void listDir(fs::FS &fs, const char *dirname, uint8_t levels) {
Serial.printf("Listing directory: %s\n", dirname);
File root = fs.open(dirname);
if (!root) {
Serial.println("Failed to open directory");
return;
}
if (!root.isDirectory()) {
Serial.println("Not a directory");
return;
}
File file = root.openNextFile();
while (file) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
Serial.print(" DIR : ");
Serial.println(file.name());
if (levels) {
listDir(fs, file.path(), levels - 1);
}
} else {
Serial.print(" FILE: ");
Serial.print(file.name());
Serial.print(" SIZE: ");
Serial.println(file.size());
}
file = root.openNextFile();
}
}
void createDir(fs::FS &fs, const char *path) {
Serial.printf("Creating Dir: %s\n", path);
if (fs.mkdir(path)) {
Serial.println("Dir created");
} else {
Serial.println("mkdir failed");
}
}
void removeDir(fs::FS &fs, const char *path) {
Serial.printf("Removing Dir: %s\n", path);
if (fs.rmdir(path)) {
Serial.println("Dir removed");
} else {
Serial.println("rmdir failed");
}
}
void readFile(fs::FS &fs, const char *path) {
Serial.printf("Reading file: %s\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path);
if (!file) {
Serial.println("Failed to open file for reading");
return;
}
Serial.print("Read from file: ");
while (file.available()) {
Serial.write(file.read());
}
file.close();
}
void writeFile(fs::FS &fs, const char *path, const char *message) {
Serial.printf("Writing file: %s\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path, FILE_WRITE);
if (!file) {
Serial.println("Failed to open file for writing");
return;
}
if (file.print(message)) {
Serial.println("File written");
} else {
Serial.println("Write failed");
}
file.close();
}
void appendFile(fs::FS &fs, const char *path, const char *message) {
Serial.printf("Appending to file: %s\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path, FILE_APPEND);
if (!file) {
Serial.println("Failed to open file for appending");
return;
}
if (file.print(message)) {
Serial.println("Message appended");
} else {
Serial.println("Append failed");
}
file.close();
}
void renameFile(fs::FS &fs, const char *path1, const char *path2) {
Serial.printf("Renaming file %s to %s\n", path1, path2);
if (fs.rename(path1, path2)) {
Serial.println("File renamed");
} else {
Serial.println("Rename failed");
}
}
void deleteFile(fs::FS &fs, const char *path) {
Serial.printf("Deleting file: %s\n", path);
if (fs.remove(path)) {
Serial.println("File deleted");
} else {
Serial.println("Delete failed");
}
}
void testFileIO(fs::FS &fs, const char *path) {
File file = fs.open(path);
static uint8_t buf[512];
size_t len = 0;
uint32_t start = millis();
uint32_t end = start;
if (file) {
len = file.size();
size_t flen = len;
start = millis();
while (len) {
size_t toRead = len;
if (toRead > 512) {
toRead = 512;
}
file.read(buf, toRead);
len -= toRead;
}
end = millis() - start;
Serial.printf("%u bytes read for %lu ms\n", flen, end);
file.close();
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to open file for reading");
}
file = fs.open(path, FILE_WRITE);
if (!file) {
Serial.println("Failed to open file for writing");
return;
}
size_t i;
start = millis();
for (i = 0; i < 2048; i++) {
file.write(buf, 512);
}
end = millis() - start;
Serial.printf("%u bytes written for %lu ms\n", 2048 * 512, end);
file.close();
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("Initializing SPI bus(SD card)!");
#ifdef REASSIGN_PINS
SPI.begin(sck, miso, mosi, cs);
if (!SD.begin(cs, SPI, 80000000)) {
#else
if (!SD.begin()) {
#endif
Serial.println("Card Mount Failed");
return;
}
uint8_t cardType = SD.cardType();
if (cardType == CARD_NONE) {
Serial.println("No SD card attached");
return;
}
Serial.print("SD Card Type: ");
if (cardType == CARD_MMC) {
Serial.println("MMC");
} else if (cardType == CARD_SD) {
Serial.println("SDSC");
} else if (cardType == CARD_SDHC) {
Serial.println("SDHC");
} else {
Serial.println("UNKNOWN");
}
uint64_t cardSize = SD.cardSize() / (1024 * 1024);
Serial.printf("SD Card Size: %lluMB\n", cardSize);
listDir(SD, "/", 0);
createDir(SD, "/mydir");
listDir(SD, "/", 0);
removeDir(SD, "/mydir");
listDir(SD, "/", 2);
writeFile(SD, "/hello.txt", "Hello ");
appendFile(SD, "/hello.txt", "World!\n");
readFile(SD, "/hello.txt");
deleteFile(SD, "/foo.txt");
renameFile(SD, "/hello.txt", "/foo.txt");
readFile(SD, "/foo.txt");
testFileIO(SD, "/test.txt");
Serial.printf("Total space: %lluMB\n", SD.totalBytes() / (1024 * 1024));
Serial.printf("Used space: %lluMB\n", SD.usedBytes() / (1024 * 1024));
}
void loop() {
/* Nothing to do in the main loop; brief delay to yield CPU */
delay(10);
}
编译、烧录完成,可以看到串口日志。取下SD卡,接入电脑端可以看到 根目录下文件夹 mydir 和 hello.txt、 foo.tx、 test.txt 等文件。
3. QSPI 模式读写测试
标准SPI使用3线(MOSI/MISO/SCK),QSPI使用6线(CLK/CMD/DATA0-3)。用到的函数从 SPI 变为标准的 SD 函数,接下来看示例。
#include "FS.h"
#include "SD.h"
#include "SPI.h"
#define QSPI_CLK 14
#define QSPI_CMD 15
#define QSPI_DATA0 16
#define QSPI_DATA1 17
#define QSPI_DATA2 18
#define QSPI_DATA3 19
#define QSPI_CS 5
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
if(!SD.begin(QSPI_CS, QSPI_CLK, QSPI_CMD, QSPI_DATA0, QSPI_DATA1, QSPI_DATA2, QSPI_DATA3)){
Serial.println("SD Card Mount Failed");
return;
}
uint8_t cardType = SD.cardType();
if(cardType == CARD_NONE){
Serial.println("No SD card attached");
return;
}
Serial.print("SD Card Type: ");
if(cardType == CARD_MMC) Serial.println("MMC");
else if(cardType == CARD_SD) Serial.println("SDSC");
else if(cardType == CARD_SDHC) Serial.println("SDHC");
else Serial.println("UNKNOWN");
Serial.printf("Total space: %lluMB\n", SD.totalBytes() / (1024 * 1024));
Serial.printf("Used space: %lluMB\n", SD.usedBytes() / (1024 * 1024));
}
void loop() {
listDir(SD, "/", 0);
delay(5000);
}
void listDir(fs::FS &fs, const char *dirname, uint8_t levels) {
File root = fs.open(dirname);
if(!root || !root.isDirectory()) return;
File file = root.openNextFile();
while(file){
if(file.isDirectory()){
Serial.printf(" DIR : %s\n", file.path());
if(levels) listDir(fs, file.path(), levels-1);
} else {
Serial.printf(" FILE: %s\tSIZE: %d\n", file.path(), file.size());
}
file = root.openNextFile();
}
}
void createDir(fs::FS &fs, const char *path) {
Serial.printf("Creating Dir: %s\n", path);
fs.mkdir(path) ? Serial.println("Dir created") : Serial.println("mkdir failed");
}
void removeDir(fs::FS &fs, const char *path) {
Serial.printf("Removing Dir: %s\n", path);
fs.rmdir(path) ? Serial.println("Dir removed") : Serial.println("rmdir failed");
}
void readFile(fs::FS &fs, const char *path) {
File file = fs.open(path);
if(!file) return;
while(file.available()){
Serial.write(file.read());
}
file.close();
}
void writeFile(fs::FS &fs, const char *path, const char *message) {
File file = fs.open(path, FILE_WRITE);
if(!file) return;
file.print(message) ? Serial.println("File written") : Serial.println("Write failed");
file.close();
}
void appendFile(fs::FS &fs, const char *path, const char *message) {
File file = fs.open(path, FILE_APPEND);
if(!file) return;
file.print(message) ? Serial.println("Message appended") : Serial.println("Append failed");
file.close();
}
结语
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